Flux composition

ABSTRACT

A flux composition includes a component (A) that is a powder of an alkali metal zinc fluoroaluminate represented by “M w Zn x Al y F z  (1)” (wherein M is K or Cs, and w, x, y, and z are a positive integer, the greatest common divisor of w, x, y, and z being 1), the content of the component (A) in the flux composition being 50 mass % or more. The flux composition prevents occurrence of a brazing defect and discoloration even when an aluminum alloy is brazed in an atmosphere having a high oxygen concentration, or an atmosphere having high humidity.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a flux composition that is used when subjecting an aluminum member or an aluminum alloy member to flux brazing.

BACKGROUND ART

A reduction in weight has been desired for an automotive heat exchanger made of aluminum in order to achieve a reduction in fuel consumption of an automotive engine and a reduction in cost, and a reduction in thickness of a material (e.g., tube) for producing a heat exchanger has been desired. However, since leakage of a refrigerant due to pitting corrosion of the aluminum alloy member may occur within a shorter period when the thickness of the material is reduced, it is important to provide the material with corrosion resistance while reducing the thickness of the material.

For example, a condenser used for an automotive heat exchanger is produced using a multi-port extruded tube having a flat cross-sectional shape as a tube that forms a refrigerant passage. When KZnF₃ is applied to the outer circumferential surface of the tube, and the tube is brazed, KAlF₄ is produced by the substitution reaction between Zn and Al, and removes an oxide film formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy. On the other hand, Zn produced by the substitution reaction forms a Zn diffusion layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy member, and improves corrosion resistance (see Patent Document 1). Specifically, when KZnF₃ is applied to the aluminum alloy member, and the aluminum alloy member is brazed, KZnF₃ reacts with Al that forms the surface of the aluminum alloy member at about 550° C., and is decomposed into Zn and a potassium fluoroaluminate (e.g., KAlF₄ and K₂AlF₅) (i.e., a noncorrosive flux normally used for brazing). Zn produced by decomposition of KZnF₃ diffuses into the surface of the aluminum alloy member, and forms a Zn diffusion layer. On the other hand, the potassium fluoroaluminate removes an oxide film formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy member so that wetting occurs between the filler metal and the aluminum alloy member, and the aluminum alloy member is joined.

The Zn diffusion layer has a natural electrode potential lower than that of the aluminum alloy member that forms the tube, and is preferentially corroded as compared with the aluminum alloy member due to a sacrificial anode effect caused by galvanic action to prevent the tube from undergoing pitting corrosion. Since KZnF₃ ensures that the Zn diffusion layer has a uniform Zn concentration as compared with Zn arc spraying, it is possible to suppress contamination of the work environment that occurs when a thermally sprayed powder is scattered around the surface of the tube material, and reduce the application amount.

However, KZnF₃ may not normally function during brazing when the oxygen concentration in the brazing furnace is high. In such a case, since an oxide film is not removed, the molten filler metal may not spread, and a fillet may not be formed. When the aluminum alloy member is brazed using KZnF₃ in an atmosphere having a high oxygen concentration, Zn and K₃AlF₆ (having a high melting point) (covered with a thick oxide film) produced from KZnF₃ that has reacted with oxygen in the brazing furnace during brazing may remain on the surface of the aluminum alloy member as a residue, whereby the surface of the aluminum alloy member may be discolored, and a deterioration in external appearance may occur.

When KZnF₃ is stored in an atmosphere having high humidity, KZnF₃ may deteriorate, and not normally function during brazing. In such a case, since an oxide film is not removed, the molten filler metal may not spread, and a fillet may not be formed.

In order to prevent such a situation, it is necessary to store KZnF₃ in a storage area in which dehumidification equipment is installed.

In this case, however, since it is necessary to always operate the dehumidification equipment, the electricity cost increases, and frequent maintenance of the dehumidification equipment is required. This results in an increase in production cost.

KZnF₃ is easily affected by the flow of the molten filler metal, and may flow together with the filler metal when the filler metal flows toward the fin, and forms a fillet. In this case, the Zn concentration in the surface of the tube between the fillets (for which corrosion resistance is required) decreases, and the Zn concentration in the fillet increases, whereby the fillet is preferentially corroded, and the fin is separated at an early stage.

In order to solve the above problems, a method that utilizes a mixture of KZnF₃ and a noncorrosive flux (e.g., KAlF₄ or K₂AlF₅) has been proposed, for example (see Patent Document 2).

Specifically, when the noncorrosive flux that does not easily deteriorate during brazing even in an atmosphere having a high oxygen concentration, and removes an oxide film, is mixed with KZnF₃ that reacts with the surface of the aluminum alloy member to remove an oxide film and form a Zn diffusion layer, and the mixture is heated, the flux mixture spreads at a temperature lower than the melting point of the filler metal, and the Zn concentration in the Zn diffusion layer between the fillets becomes uniform.

RELATED-ART DOCUMENT Patent Document

-   Patent Document 1: JP-A-61-293699 (claims) -   Patent Document 2: JP-A-2006-255755 (claims)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Technical Problem

When using the flux mixture disclosed in Patent Document 2, however, a brazing defect or discoloration may also occur when brazing is performed in an atmosphere having a high oxygen concentration, or an atmosphere having high humidity.

An object of the invention is to provide a flux composition that prevents occurrence of a brazing defect and discoloration even when an aluminum alloy is brazed in an atmosphere having a high oxygen concentration, or an atmosphere having high humidity.

Solution to Problem

The inventors of the invention conducted extensive studies in order to achieve the above object. As a result, the inventors found that it is possible to prevent a brazing defect, form a good Zn diffusion layer, and prevent discoloration even when an aluminum alloy is brazed in an atmosphere having a high oxygen concentration, or an atmosphere having high humidity, by brazing an aluminum alloy using a flux composition (flux) that includes an alkali metal zinc fluoroaluminate in a ratio equal to or more than a specific ratio. This finding has led to the completion of the invention.

-   (1) According to one aspect of the invention, a flux composition     includes a component (A) that is a powder of an alkali metal zinc     fluoroaluminate represented by the following general formula (1),     the content of the component (A) in the flux composition being 50     mass % or more,     M_(w)Zn_(x)Al_(y)F_(z)  (1)     wherein M is K or Cs, and w, x, y, and z are a positive integer, the     greatest common divisor of w, x, y, and z being 1. -   (2) The flux composition according to (1), including only the     component (A). -   (3) The flux composition according to (1), including the component     (A), and a flux component other than the component (A), the content     of the component (A) in the flux composition being 50 mass % or     more. -   (4) The flux composition according to (1), including the component     (A), and a component (B) that is one type of powder or two or more     types of powders selected from a powder of an alkali metal     fluoroaluminate and a powder of an alkali metal fluorozincate, the     content of the component (A) in the flux composition being 50 mass %     or more. -   (5) The flux composition according to (1), including the component     (A), and a component (C) that is one type of metal powder or two or     more types of metal powders selected from a powder of an aluminum     alloy that includes one type of metal element or two or more types     of metal elements among Si, Cu, and Zn, an Al powder, an Si powder,     a Cu powder, and a Zn powder, the content of the component (A) in     the flux composition being 50 mass % or more. -   (6) According to another aspect of the invention, a flux composition     includes a component (A) that is a powder of an alkali metal zinc     fluoroaluminate represented by the general formula (1), a     component (B) that is one type of powder or two or more types of     powders selected from a powder of an alkali metal fluoroaluminate     and a powder of an alkali metal fluorozincate, and a component (C)     that is one type of metal powder or two or more types of metal     powders selected from a powder of an aluminum alloy that includes     one type of metal element or two or more types of metal elements     among Si, Cu, and Zn, an Al powder, an Si powder, a Cu powder, and a     Zn powder, the content of the component (A) in the flux composition     being 50 mass % or more. -   (7) According to another aspect of the invention, a mixture includes     the flux composition according to any one of (1) to (6), and an     organic resin binder.

Advantageous Effects Of The Invention

The aspects of the invention thus provide a flux composition that prevents occurrence of a brazing defect and discoloration even when an aluminum alloy is brazed in an atmosphere having a high oxygen concentration, or an atmosphere having high humidity.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating a testing material assembly method used for a brazing test.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The component (A) used in connection with the embodiments of the invention is a powder of an alkali metal zinc fluoroaluminate represented by the following general formula (1). M_(w)Zn_(x)Al_(y)F_(z)  (1) wherein M is K or Cs, and w, x, y, and z are a positive integer, the greatest common divisor of w, x, y, and z being 1.

When an aluminum alloy member is brazed in a state in which the component (A) is applied to the surface of the aluminum alloy member, the component (A) is decomposed into Zn and an alkali metal fluoroaluminate (e.g., MAlF₄, M₂AlF₅, or M₃AlF₆) (M is K or Cs) at a temperature lower than the brazing temperature. Zn that has been produced by decomposition of the component (A) diffuses into the aluminum alloy member to form a Zn diffusion layer. The Zn diffusion layer ensures that the aluminum alloy member exhibits corrosion resistance that prevents a situation in which leakage of a refrigerant occurs due to pitting corrosion. The alkali metal fluoroaluminate (e.g., MAlF₄) that has been produced by decomposition of the component (A) functions as a flux, and removes an oxide film formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy member.

Specific examples of the alkali metal zinc fluoroaluminate represented by the general formula (1) include KZnAlF₆, K₂ZnAlF₇, KZn₂AlF₈, KZnAl₂F₉, CsZnAlF₆, Cs₂ZnAlF₇, CsZn₂AlF₈, CsZnAl₂F₉, and the like.

The component (A) may be one type of the alkali metal zinc fluoroaluminate represented by the general formula (1), or may be a combination of two or more types of the alkali metal zinc fluoroaluminate represented by the general formula (1).

The component (B) used in connection with the embodiments of the invention is one type of powder or two or more types of powders selected from a powder of an alkali metal fluoroaluminate and a powder of an alkali metal fluorozincate. The component (B) may be either or both of a powder of an alkali metal fluoroaluminate and a powder of an alkali metal fluorozincate.

When an aluminum alloy member is brazed in a state in which a mixture of the component (A) and the component (B) is applied to the surface of the aluminum alloy member, the component (B) functions as a flux, and removes an oxide film formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy member.

Specific examples of the alkali metal fluoroaluminate include KAlF₄, K₂AlF₅, K₃AlF₆, CsAlF₄, Cs₂AlF₅, Cs₃AlF₆, and the like. The component (B) may include only one type of alkali metal fluoroaluminate, or may include two or more types of alkali metal fluoroaluminates.

Specific examples of the alkali metal fluorozincate include KZnF₃, K₂ZnF₄, K₃Zn₂F₇, CsZnF₃, Cs₂ZnF₄, CsZn₂F₇, and the like. The component (B) may include only one type of alkali metal fluorozincate, or may include two or more types of alkali metal fluorozincates.

The component (B) may be one type of powder or two or more types of powders of an alkali metal fluoroaluminate, or may be one type of powder or two or more types of powders of an alkali metal fluorozincate, or may be a combination of one type of powder or two or more types of powders of an alkali metal fluoroaluminate and one type of powder or two or more types of powders of an alkali metal fluorozincate.

The component (C) used in connection with the embodiments of the invention is one type of metal powder or two or more types of metal powders selected from a powder of an aluminum alloy, an Al powder, an Si powder, a Cu powder, and a Zn powder. The component (C) is used to improve the properties of an aluminum alloy member that is joined by flux brazing, and provide a filler metal-producing function, a sacrificial anode layer-forming function, a function of reducing the melting point of the filler metal, and the like. The aluminum alloy used as the component (C) includes one type of metal element or two or more types of metal elements among Si, Cu, and Zn. The content of each metal element included in the aluminum alloy used as the component (C) may be appropriately selected taking account of the properties that are improved or provided by incorporating the component (C) in the flux composition.

The flux composition according to the embodiments of the invention includes the component (A) (i.e., a powder of an alkali metal zinc fluoroaluminate represented by the following general formula (1)), the content of the component (A) in the flux composition being 50 mass % or more. M_(w)Zn_(x)Al_(y)F_(z)  (1) wherein M is K or Cs, and w, x, y, and z are a positive integer, the greatest common divisor of w, x, y, and z being 1.

The content of the component (A) in the flux composition according to the embodiments of the invention is 50 mass % or more, preferably 70 mass % or more, and particularly preferably 80 mass % or more. When the content of the component (A) in the flux composition is within the above range, a Zn diffusion layer is formed in a stable manner, and the properties of the flux that removes an oxide film formed on the surface of an aluminum alloy member are improved, even in an atmosphere having a high oxygen concentration, or an atmosphere having high humidity. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a brazing defect and discoloration. If the content of the component (A) in the flux composition is less than the above range, a brazing defect or discoloration may occur when brazing is performed in an atmosphere having a high oxygen concentration, or an atmosphere having high humidity.

A flux composition according to a first embodiment of the invention (hereinafter may be referred as “flux composition (1)”) includes only the component (A) (i.e., a powder of an alkali metal zinc fluoroaluminate represented by the following general formula (1)). M_(w)Zn_(x)Al_(y)F_(z)  (1) wherein M is K or Cs, and w, x, y, and z are a positive integer, the greatest common divisor of w, x, y, and z being 1.

The flux composition (1) according to the first embodiment of the invention includes only the component (A). Note that the expression “includes only the component (A)” means that the flux composition (1) substantially includes only the component (A), and may include unavoidable impurities.

When an aluminum alloy is brazed in a state in which the component (A) is applied to the surface of the aluminum alloy member, a Zn diffusion layer is formed in a stable manner, and excellent flux properties are obtained even in an atmosphere having a high oxygen concentration, or an atmosphere having high humidity, and a brazing defect and discoloration do not occur. Therefore, when an aluminum alloy (member) is brazed using the flux composition (1) according to the first embodiment of the invention as a flux, a Zn diffusion layer is formed in a stable manner, and excellent flux properties are obtained even in an atmosphere having a high oxygen concentration, or an atmosphere having high humidity, and a brazing defect and discoloration do not occur.

The average particle size of the flux composition (1) according to the first embodiment of the invention is preferably 80 μm or less, and particularly preferably 1 to 50 μm. When the average particle size of the flux composition is within the above range, the flux composition exhibits high reactivity with an aluminum alloy, and the effect of suppressing a chemical reaction with oxygen is improved. This ensures that a Zn diffusion layer is formed in a stable manner, and excellent flux properties are obtained even in an atmosphere having a high oxygen concentration, or an atmosphere having high humidity, and a brazing defect and discoloration do not occur.

A flux composition according to a second embodiment of the invention (hereinafter may be referred as “flux composition (2)”) includes the component (A) (i.e., a powder of an alkali metal zinc fluoroaluminate represented by the following general formula (1)), and a flux component other than the component (A), the content of the component (A) in the flux composition being 50 mass % or more. M_(w)Zn_(x)Al_(y)F_(z)  (1) wherein M is K or Cs, and w, x, y, and z are a positive integer, the greatest common divisor of w, x, y, and z being 1.

The flux composition (2) according to the second embodiment of the invention includes only the component (A), and the flux component other than the component (A). Note that the expression “includes only the component (A) and the flux component other than the component (A)” means that the flux composition substantially includes only the component (A) and the flux component other than the component (A), and may include unavoidable impurities.

The flux component other than the component (A) that is included in the flux composition (2) according to the second embodiment of the invention is not particularly limited as long as the flux component functions as a flux that removes an oxide film formed on the surface of an aluminum alloy. Examples of the flux component include K₂SiF₆ and the like that may be used as the component (B).

The content of the component (A) in the flux composition (2) according to the second embodiment of the invention is 50 mass % or more, preferably 70 mass % or more, and particularly preferably 80 mass % or more. When the content of the component (A) in the flux composition is within the above range, a Zn diffusion layer is formed in a stable manner, and excellent flux properties are obtained even when brazing is performed in an atmosphere having a high oxygen concentration, or an atmosphere having high humidity, and a brazing defect and discoloration do not occur. If the content of the component (A) in the flux composition is less than the above range, a brazing defect or discoloration may occur when brazing is performed in an atmosphere having a high oxygen concentration, or an atmosphere having high humidity.

The average particle size of the flux composition (2) according to the second embodiment of the invention is preferably 80 μm or less, and particularly preferably 1 to 50 μm. When the average particle size of the flux composition is within the above range, the flux composition exhibits high reactivity with an aluminum alloy, and the effect of suppressing a chemical reaction with oxygen is improved. This ensures that a Zn diffusion layer is formed in a stable manner, and excellent flux properties are obtained even in an atmosphere having a high oxygen concentration, or an atmosphere having high humidity, and a brazing defect and discoloration do not occur.

A flux composition according to a third embodiment of the invention (hereinafter may be referred as “flux composition (3)”) includes the component (A) (i.e., a powder of an alkali metal zinc fluoroaluminate represented by the following general formula (1)), and the component (B) (i.e., one type of powder or two or more types of powders selected from a powder of an alkali metal fluoroaluminate and a powder of an alkali metal fluorozincate), the content of the component (A) in the flux composition being 50 mass % or more. M_(w)Zn_(x)Al_(y)F_(z)  (1) wherein M is K or Cs, and w, x, y, and z are a positive integer, the greatest common divisor of w, x, y, and z being 1.

The flux composition (3) according to the third embodiment of the invention includes only the component (A) and the component (B). Note that the expression “includes only the component (A) and the component (B)” means that the flux composition (3) substantially includes only the component (A) and the component (B), and may include unavoidable impurities.

The content of the component (A) in the flux composition (3) according to the third embodiment of the invention is 50 mass % or more, preferably 70 mass % or more, and particularly preferably 80 mass % or more. When the content of the component (A) in the flux composition is within the above range, a Zn diffusion layer is formed in a stable manner, and excellent flux properties are obtained even when brazing is performed in an atmosphere having a high oxygen concentration, or an atmosphere having high humidity, and a brazing defect and discoloration do not occur. If the content of the component (A) in the flux composition is less than the above range, a brazing defect or discoloration may occur when brazing is performed in an atmosphere having a high oxygen concentration, or an atmosphere having high humidity.

The average particle size of the flux composition (3) according to the third embodiment of the invention is preferably 80 μm or less, and particularly preferably 1 to 50 μm. When the average particle size of the flux composition is within the above range, the flux composition exhibits high reactivity with an aluminum alloy, and the effect of suppressing a chemical reaction with oxygen is improved. This ensures that a Zn diffusion layer is formed in a stable manner, and excellent flux properties are obtained even in an atmosphere having a high oxygen concentration, or an atmosphere having high humidity, and a brazing defect and discoloration do not occur.

A flux composition according to a fourth embodiment of the invention (hereinafter may be referred as “flux composition (4)”) includes the component (A) (i.e., a powder of an alkali metal zinc fluoroaluminate represented by the following general formula (1)), and the component (C) (i.e., one type of metal powder or two or more types of metal powders selected from a powder of an aluminum alloy that includes one type of metal element or two or more types of metal elements among Si, Cu, and Zn, an Al powder, an Si powder, a Cu powder, and a Zn powder), the content of the component (A) in the flux composition being 50 mass % or more. M_(w)Zn_(x)Al_(y)F_(z)  (1) wherein M is K or Cs, and w, x, y, and z are a positive integer, the greatest common divisor of w, x, y, and z being 1.

The flux composition (4) according to the fourth embodiment of the invention includes only the component (A) and the component (C). Note that the expression “includes only the component (A) and the component (C)” means that the flux composition (4) substantially includes only the component (A) and the component (C), and may include unavoidable impurities.

The content of the component (A) in the flux composition (4) according to the fourth embodiment of the invention is 50 mass % or more, preferably 70 mass % or more, and particularly preferably 80 mass % or more. When the content of the component (A) in the flux composition is within the above range, a Zn diffusion layer is formed in a stable manner, and excellent flux properties are obtained even when brazing is performed in an atmosphere having a high oxygen concentration, or an atmosphere having high humidity, and a brazing defect and discoloration do not occur. If the content of the component (A) in the flux composition is less than the above range, a brazing defect or discoloration may occur when brazing is performed in an atmosphere having a high oxygen concentration, or an atmosphere having high humidity.

The flux composition (4) according to the fourth embodiment of the invention includes the component (C). When the flux composition includes the component (C), it is possible to improve the properties of an aluminum alloy member that is joined by flux brazing, and provide an aluminum alloy member that is joined by flux brazing with a filler metal-producing function, a sacrificial anode layer-forming function, a function of reducing the melting point of the filler metal, and the like. For example, it is possible to provide or adjust the amount of filler metal required for a fillet that is formed at the brazing target joint by utilizing a powder of an aluminum alloy that includes Si, an Al powder, an Si powder, or a combination thereof. It is possible to adjust the potential difference between the brazing target members, and provide a sacrificial anode by utilizing a powder of an aluminum alloy that includes Cu, a powder of an aluminum alloy that includes Zn, a Zn powder, a Cu powder, or a combination thereof. Since the melting point of the filler metal can be decreased, it is possible to decrease the brazing temperature. It is possible to improve the strength of the brazing target members by utilizing a powder of an aluminum alloy that includes Zn, a Zn powder, or a combination thereof.

The average particle size of the component (A) included in the flux composition (4) according to the fourth embodiment of the invention is preferably 80 μm or less, and particularly preferably 1 to 50 μm. When the average particle size of the component (A) included in the flux composition is within the above range, the component (A) exhibits high reactivity with an aluminum alloy, and the effect of suppressing a chemical reaction with oxygen is improved. This ensures that a Zn diffusion layer is formed in a stable manner, and excellent flux properties are obtained even in an atmosphere having a high oxygen concentration, or an atmosphere having high humidity, and a brazing defect and discoloration do not occur.

Examples of a modification of the flux composition (4) according to the fourth embodiment of the invention include a flux composition (4′) (see below). The flux composition (4′) includes a component (C′) that is one type of metal powder or two or more types of metal powders selected from a powder of an aluminum alloy that includes one type of metal element or two or more types of metal elements among Si, Cu, Zn, Sr, Bi, and Ge, an Al powder, an Si powder, a Cu powder, a Zn powder, an Sr powder, a Bi powder, and a Ge powder, instead of the component (C) included in the flux composition (4) according to the fourth embodiment of the invention. It is possible to improve the fluidity of the filler metal, and improve brazability by utilizing Sr or Bi. It is possible to reduce the temperature of reaction with an aluminum alloy member, and adjust the brazing temperature by utilizing Ge.

A flux composition according to a fifth embodiment of the invention (hereinafter may be referred as “flux composition (5)”) includes the component (A) (i.e., a powder of an alkali metal zinc fluoroaluminate represented by the following general formula (1)), the component (B) (i.e., one type of powder or two or more types of powders selected from a powder of an alkali metal fluoroaluminate and a powder of an alkali metal fluorozincate), and the component (C) (i.e., one type of metal powder or two or more types of metal powders selected from a powder of an aluminum alloy that includes one type of metal element or two or more types of metal elements among Si, Cu, and Zn, an Al powder, an Si powder, a Cu powder, and a Zn powder), the content of the component (A) in the flux composition being 50 mass % or more. M_(w)Zn_(x)Al_(y)F_(z)  (1) wherein M is K or Cs, and w, x, y, and z are a positive integer, the greatest common divisor of w, x, y, and z being 1.

The flux composition (5) according to the fifth embodiment of the invention includes only the component (A), the component (B), and the component (C). Note that the expression “includes only the component (A), the component (B), and the component (C)” means that the flux composition (5) substantially includes only the component (A), the component (B), and the component (C), and may include unavoidable impurities.

The content of the component (A) in the flux composition (5) according to the fifth embodiment of the invention is 50 mass % or more, and preferably 70 mass % or more. When the content of the component (A) in the flux composition is within the above range, a Zn diffusion layer is formed in a stable manner, and excellent flux properties are obtained even when brazing is performed in an atmosphere having a high oxygen concentration, or an atmosphere having high humidity, and a brazing defect and discoloration do not occur.

The flux composition (5) according to the fifth embodiment of the invention includes the component (C). When the flux composition includes the component (C), it is possible to improve the properties of an aluminum alloy member that is joined by flux brazing, and provide an aluminum alloy member that is joined by flux brazing with a filler metal-producing function, a sacrificial anode layer-forming function, a function of reducing the melting point of the filler metal, and the like.

The content of the component (B) and the component (C) in the flux composition (5) according to the fifth embodiment of the invention is appropriately selected so that the content of the component (A) falls within the above range.

The average particle size of the component (A) and the component (B) included in the flux composition (5) according to the fifth embodiment of the invention is preferably 80 μm or less, and particularly preferably 1 to 50 μm. When the average particle size of the component (A) and the component (B) included in the flux composition is within the above range, the component (A) and the component (B) exhibit high reactivity with an aluminum alloy, and the effect of suppressing a chemical reaction with oxygen is improved. This ensures that a Zn diffusion layer is formed in a stable manner, and excellent flux properties are obtained even in an atmosphere having a high oxygen concentration, or an atmosphere having high humidity, and a brazing defect and discoloration do not occur.

Examples of a modification of the flux composition (5) according to the fifth embodiment of the invention include a flux composition (5′) (see below). The flux composition (5′) includes a component (C′) that is one type of metal powder or two or more types of metal powders selected from a powder of an aluminum alloy that includes one type of metal element or two or more types of metal elements among Si, Cu, Zn, Sr, Bi, and Ge, an Al powder, an Si powder, a Cu powder, a Zn powder, an Sr powder, a Bi powder, and a Ge powder, instead of the component (C) included in the flux composition (5) according to the fifth embodiment of the invention. It is possible to improve the fluidity of the filler metal, and improve brazability by utilizing Sr or Bi. It is possible to reduce the temperature of reaction with an aluminum alloy member, and adjust the brazing temperature by utilizing Ge.

A method for using the flux compositions according to the embodiments of the invention is described below. The flux composition (or the flux composition and an organic resin binder) is dispersed in water or a volatile solvent to prepare a slurry (i.e., a flux coating material that includes the flux composition). The flux coating material is applied to the surface of an aluminum alloy member, and dried at 100 to 200° C. so that the flux composition is applied to the surface of the aluminum alloy member. The aluminum alloy member to which the flux composition is applied is brazed by heating at 570 to 620° C.

The flux coating material that includes the flux composition is thus used to apply the flux composition to the surface of the aluminum alloy member.

The dispersion medium included in the flux coating material in which the flux composition is dispersed, is a volatile solvent such as an alcohol (e.g., isopropanol), or water. The content of the flux composition in the flux coating material is appropriately selected taking account of the coating method, the application amount, and the like.

The flux coating material that includes the flux composition may include an organic resin binder. The organic resin binder is used to improve the adhesion of the flux composition to the aluminum alloy member when the flux composition is applied to the aluminum alloy member.

The organic resin binder is an organic resin that has a decomposition temperature of 500° C. or less, and does not impair brazability. The organic resin binder is not particularly limited as long as the organic resin binder is normally used as an organic resin binder for flux brazing.

The flux coating material that includes the flux composition may be applied to the surface of the aluminum alloy member using an arbitrary method. For example, the flux coating material is applied to the surface of the aluminum alloy member using a known method such as a spray method, a dipping method, or a roll coating method. It is preferable to use the roll coating method due to high coating stability and high capacity. When using the roll coating method, the material that forms the surface of each roll, and the coating conditions (e.g., forward rotation and reverse rotation of the coater roll and the application roll) are appropriately determined taking account of the desired film thickness, the desired surface roughness, and the like, and the roll transfer conditions are selected taking account of the objective.

The application amount of the flux coating material that includes the flux composition is appropriately selected. The flux component is preferably applied in an amount of 1 to 50 g/m², and particularly preferably 5 to 40 g/m². Note that the term “flux component” refers to the component (A) when using the flux composition (1) according to the first embodiment of the invention, refers to the component (A) and the flux component other than the component (A) when using the flux composition (2) according to the second embodiment of the invention, refers to the component (A) and the component (B) when using the flux composition (3) according to the third embodiment of the invention, refers to the component (A) when using the flux composition (4) according to the fourth embodiment of the invention, and refers to the component (A) and the component (B) when using the flux composition (5) according to the fifth embodiment of the invention.

The flux coating material that includes the flux composition may be prepared by dispersing a mixture of the flux composition and the organic resin binder in a volatile solvent or water.

The flux compositions according to the embodiments of the invention make it possible to ensure that a Zn diffusion layer is formed in a stable manner, and excellent flux properties are obtained even when brazing is performed in an atmosphere having a high oxygen concentration, or an atmosphere having high humidity, and a brazing defect and discoloration do not occur. It is also possible to increase the wetting area, and form a uniform Zn diffusion layer. The flux compositions according to the embodiments of the invention may suitably be used for brazing as a noncorrosive flux, and may be used as a flux that is applied when brazing a condenser of an automotive heat exchanger for which corrosion resistance is mainly improved by a sacrificial corrosion prevention effect due to a Zn diffusion layer.

EXAMPLES Example 1 and Comparative Example 1

Experimental Flux Composition

An aluminum sheet brazing test was performed using a powder of M_(w)Zn_(x)Al_(y)F_(z) (content: 100 mass %) as a flux composition. A powder of KZnAlF₆, a powder of K₂ZnAlF₇, a powder of KZn₂AlF₈, a powder of KZnAl₂F₉, a powder of CsZnAlF₆, a powder of Cs₂ZnAlF₇, a powder of CsZn₂AlF₈, and a powder of CsZnAl₂F₉ (content: 100 mass %) for which the average particle size was adjusted as shown in Table 1, were provided as typical examples of M_(w)Zn_(x)Al_(y)F_(z).

Table 1 shows the composition and the average particle size of each flux composition used for the brazing test.

Adjustment of Average Particle Size

The average particle size of the powder was adjusted by grinding the powder (metal salt powder) using a ball mill.

Measurement of Average Particle Size

The powder was dispersed in ethanol, and the average particle size thereof was measured using an optical transmission particle size distribution analyzer (laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution analyzer) (“LA-700” manufactured by Horiba Ltd.). Note that the average particle size refers to the particle size (D50) at 50% in the cumulative volume particle size distribution.

Brazing Test

The flux composition was diluted with an equal amount of purified water, and the dilution was applied to the filler metal side of an aluminum alloy double-layer clad sheet (thickness: 1.0 mm, width: 25 mm, length: 60 mm, filler metal: 4045, thickness of filler metal: 50 μm, core material: A3003, thickness of core material: 950 μm) using a bar coater so that the flux component was applied in an amount of 20 g/m². As illustrated in FIG. 1, the aluminum alloy double-layer clad sheet was placed horizontally so that the side to which the flux composition was applied was situated on the upper side, and an A3003-O aluminum alloy sheet (thickness: 1.0 mm, width: 25 mm, length: 55 mm) was vertically secured on the aluminum alloy double-layer clad sheet (in the shape of the character “T”) using a jig. The assembly was introduced into a furnace (nitrogen gas atmosphere, average oxygen concentration: 100 ppm, dew point: −40° C. or less), and brazed at 600° C. for 3 minutes. After cooling the assembly to 500° C. or less in the furnace, the assembly (specimen) was removed from the furnace.

Evaluation of Brazability

The joining ratio and the size of the fillet formed at the joint between the horizontal aluminum alloy double-layer clad sheet and the vertical A3003-O aluminum alloy sheet, and the presence or absence of a surface residue were evaluated. Note that the joining ratio (%) is the ratio of the length L1 of the fillet formed at the joint between the horizontal aluminum alloy double-layer clad sheet and the vertical A3003-O aluminum alloy sheet, to the length L2 of the contact area between the horizontal aluminum alloy double-layer clad sheet and the vertical A3003-O aluminum alloy sheet (joining ratio (%)=(L1/L2)×100). The specimen was embedded in a resin, and a magnified photograph of the cross section of the joint was captured to evaluate the size of the fillet. Specifically, the size of the evaluation target fillet was determined to be “large” when the size of the evaluation target fillet was close to the size of the fillet of specimen Ab1 of Example 1, determined to be “medium” when the size of the evaluation target fillet was close to the size of the fillet of specimen Aa2 of Example 1, and determined to be “small” when the size of the evaluation target fillet was smaller the size of the fillet of specimen Ab2. The presence or absence of a surface residue was determined with the naked eye. When a white residue (unreacted flux) and whitening were observed, or when a discolored residue and discoloring were observed, the specimen was determined to be unacceptable even when the joining ratio was 100%. When a significant residue was not observed, the specimen was determined to be acceptable even when the surface after brazing was dull white. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Average External particle Joining appearance Residue on Speci- Flux size Speci- ratio Size of of surface of surface men composition (μm) men (%) fillet aluminum of aluminum Example 1 Ab1 KZnAlF₆ 20 Example 1 Ab1 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ab2 KZnAlF₆ 70 Ab2 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Bb1 K₂ZnAlF₇ 20 Bb1 100 Large Not discolored Absent Bb2 K₂ZnAlF₇ 70 Bb2 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Cb1 KZn₂AlF₈ 20 Cb1 100 Large Not discolored Absent Cb2 KZn₂AlF₈ 70 Cb2 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Db1 KZnAl₂F₉ 20 Db1 100 Large Not discolored Absent Db2 KZnAl₂F₉ 70 Db2 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Eb1 CsZnAlF₆ 20 Eb1 100 Large Not discolored Absent Eb2 CsZnAlF₆ 70 Eb2 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Fb1 Cs₂ZnAlF₇ 20 Fb1 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fb2 Cs₂ZnAIF₇ 70 Fb2 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Gb1 CsZn₂AlF₈ 20 Gb1 100 Large Not discolored Absent Gb2 CsZn₂AlF₈ 70 Gb2 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Hb1 CsZnAl₂F₉ 20 Hb1 100 Large Not discolored Absent Hb2 CsZnAl₂F₉ 70 Hb2 100 Medium Not discolored Absent

As shown in Table 1, good results were obtained in Example 1.

Example 2 and Comparative Example 2

Flux Composition

A powder of KZnAlF₆, a powder of KZn₂AlF₈, a powder of KZnAl₂F₉, a powder of CsZnAlF₆, a powder of Cs₂ZnAlF₇, a powder of CsZn₂AlF₈, and a powder of CsZnAl₂F₉ (content: 100 mass %) (average particle size: 10 μm) (see Table 2) were provided as a flux composition.

A powder of KZnF₃ (content: 100 mass %) (average particle size: 10 μm) was provided as a comparative flux composition.

Brazing Test

The brazing test was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, except that the average oxygen concentration in the furnace was changed as shown in Table 2.

Evaluation of Brazability

The brazability was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Average External Residue oxygen Joining appearance on surface Speci- Flux concentration Speci- ratio Size of of surface of men composition (ppm) men (%) fillet of aluminum aluminum Example 2 Ac1 KZnAlF₆ 50 Example 2 Ac1 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ac2 KZnAlF₆ 500 Ac2 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ac3 KZnAlF₆ 1000 Ac3 100 Medium Dull white Absent Bc1 K₂ZnAlF₇ 50 Bc1 100 Large Not discolored Absent Bc2 K₂ZnAlF₇ 500 Bc2 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Bc3 K₂ZnAlF₇ 1000 Bc3 100 Medium Dull white Absent Cc1 KZn₂AlF₈ 50 Cc1 100 Large Not discolored Absent Cc2 KZn₂AlF₈ 500 Cc2 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Cc3 KZn₂AlF₈ 1000 Cc3 100 Medium Dull white Absent Dc1 KZnAl₂F₉ 50 Dc1 100 Large Not discolored Absent Dc2 KZnAl₂F₉ 500 Dc2 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Dc3 KZnAl₂F₉ 1000 Dc3 100 Medium Dull white Absent Ec1 CsZnAlF₆ 50 Ec1 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ec2 CsZnAlF₆ 500 Ec2 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ec3 CsZnAlF₆ 1000 Ec3 100 Medium Dull white Absent Fc1 Cs₂ZnAlF₇ 50 Fc1 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fc2 Cs₂ZnAlF₇ 500 Fc2 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Fc3 Cs₂ZnAlF₇ 1000 Fc3 100 Medium Dull white Absent Gc1 CsZn₂AlF₈ 50 Gc1 100 Large Not discolored Absent Gc2 CsZn₂AlF₈ 500 Gc2 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Gc3 CsZn₂AlF₈ 1000 Gc3 100 Medium Dull white Absent Hc1 CsZnAl₂F₉ 50 Hc1 100 Large Not discolored Absent Hc2 CsZnAl₂F₉ 500 Hc2 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Hc3 CsZnAl₂F₉ 1000 Hc3 100 Medium Dull white Absent Comparative Ic1 KZnF₃ 50 Comparative Ic1 100 Large Not discolored Absent Example 2 Ic2 KZnF₃ 500 Example 2 Ic2 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Ic3 KZnF₃ 1000 Ic3 0 — White Present (white)

As shown in Table 2, good results were obtained in Example 2 even when the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere during brazing was high. The surface of aluminum of specimens Ac3, Bc3, Dc3, Ec3, Fc3, and Hc3 was dull white to some extent, but the degree of whitening was at an acceptable level.

In Comparative Example 2, no problem occurred when the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere during brazing was low (Ic1). However, when the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere during brazing was high, a discolored residue and discoloring were observed (Ic2), or most of KZnF₃ remained unreacted, and a fillet was not formed (Ic3).

Example 3 and Comparative Example 3

Flux Composition

The materials shown in Tables 3-1 to 3-4 were mixed in the mixing ratio shown in Tables 3-1 to 3-4 to prepare a powder mixture (flux composition) (average particle size: 10 μm).

The materials shown in Tables 3-5 to 3-8 were mixed in the mixing ratio shown in Tables 3-5 to 3-8 to prepare a powder mixture (comparative flux composition) (average particle size: 10 μm).

Brazing Test

The brazing test was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, except that the average oxygen concentration in the furnace was changed to 500 ppm.

Evaluation of Brazability

The brazability was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 3-1 to 3-8.

TABLE 3-1 External Mixing Joining appearance Residue on Speci- Flux ratio Speci- ratio Size of of surface of surface of men composition (%) men (%) fillet aluminum aluminum Example 3 Ad1 KZnAlF₆/KAlF₄ 90/10 Example 3 Ad1 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ad2 KZnAlF₆/KAlF₄ 55/45 Ad2 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ad3 KZnAlF₆/K₂AlF₄ 90/10 Ad3 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ad4 KZnAlF₆/K₂AlF₄ 55/45 Ad4 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ad5 KZnAlF₆/K₃AlF₄ 90/10 Ad5 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ad6 KZnAlF₆/K₃AlF₄ 55/45 Ad6 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ad7 KZnAlF₆/CsAlF₄ 90/10 Ad7 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ad8 KZnAlF₆/CsAlF₄ 55/45 Ad8 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ad9 KZnAlF₆/Cs₂AlF₅ 90/10 Ad9 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ad10 KZnAlF₆/Cs₂AlF₅ 55/45 Ad10 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ad11 KZnAlF₆/Cs₃AlF₆ 90/10 Ad11 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ad12 KZnAlF₆/Cs₃AlF₆ 55/45 Ad12 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ad13 KZnAlF₆/KZnF₃ 90/10 Ad13 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ad14 KZnAlF₆/KZnF₃ 55/45 Ad14 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ad15 KZnAlF₆/K₂ZnF₄ 90/10 Ad15 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ad16 KZnAlF₆/K₂ZnF₄ 55/45 Ad16 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ad17 KZnAlF₆/K₃Zn₂F₇ 90/10 Ad17 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ad18 KZnAlF₆/K₃Zn₂F₇ 55/45 Ad18 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ad19 KZnAlF₆/CsZnF₃ 90/10 Ad19 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ad20 KZnAlF₆/CsZnF₃ 55/45 Ad20 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ad21 KZnAlF₆/Cs₂ZnF₄ 90/10 Ad21 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ad22 KZnAlF₆/Cs₂ZnF₄ 55/45 Ad22 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ad23 KZnAlF₆/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 90/10 Ad23 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ad24 KZnAlF₆/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 55/45 Ad24 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Bd1 K₂ZnAlF₇/KAlF₄ 90/10 Bd1 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Bd2 K₂ZnAlF₇/KAlF₄ 55/45 Bd2 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Bd3 K₂ZnAlF₇/K₂AlF₅ 90/10 Bd3 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Bd4 K₂ZnAlF₇/K₂AlF₅ 55/45 Bd4 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Bd5 K₂ZnAlF₇/K₃AlF₆ 90/10 Bd5 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Bd6 K₂ZnAlF₇/K₃AlF₆ 55/45 Bd6 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Bd7 K₂ZnAlF₇/CsAlF₄ 90/10 Bd7 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Bd8 K₂ZnAlF₇/CsAlF₄ 55/45 Bd8 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Bd9 K₂ZnAlF₇/Cs₂AlF₅ 90/10 Bd9 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Bd10 K₂ZnAlF₇/Cs₂AlF₅ 55/45 Bd10 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Bd11 K₂ZnAlF₇/Cs₃AlF₆ 90/10 Bd11 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Bd12 K₂ZnAlF₇/Cs₃AlF₆ 55/45 Bd12 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Bd13 K₂ZnAlF₇/KZnF₃ 90/10 Bd13 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Bd14 K₂ZnAlF₇/KZnF₃ 55/45 Bd14 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Bd15 K₂ZnAlF₇/K₂ZnF₄ 90/10 Bd15 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Bd16 K₂ZnAlF₇/K₂ZnF₄ 55/45 Bd16 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Bd17 K₂ZnAlF₇/K₃Zn₂F₇ 90/10 Bd17 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Bd18 K₂ZnAlF₇/K₃Zn₂F₇ 55/45 Bd18 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Bd19 K₂ZnAlF₇/CsZnF₃ 90/10 Bd19 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Bd20 K₂ZnAlF₇/CsZnF₃ 55/45 Bd20 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Bd21 K₂ZnAlF₇/Cs₂ZnF₄ 90/10 Bd21 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Bd22 K₂ZnAlF₇/Cs₂ZnF₄ 55/45 Bd22 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Bd23 K₂ZnAlF₇/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 90/10 Bd23 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Bd24 K₂ZnAlF₇/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 55/45 Bd24 100 Medium Not discolored Absent

TABLE 3-2 External Residue Mixing Joining appearance on Speci- Flux ratio Speci- ratio Size of of surface of surface of men composition (%) men (%) fillet aluminum aluminum Example 3 Cd1 KZn₂AlF₈/KAlF₄ 90/10 Example 3 Cd1 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Cd2 KZn₂AlF₈/KAlF₄ 55/45 Cd2 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Cd3 KZn₂AlF₈/K₂AlF₅ 90/10 Cd3 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Cd4 KZn₂AlF₈/K₂AlF₅ 55/45 Cd4 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Cd5 KZn₂AlF₈/K₃AlF₆ 90/10 Cd5 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Cd6 KZn₂AlF₈/K₃AlF₆ 55/45 Cd6 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Cd7 KZn₂AlF₈/CsAlF₄ 90/10 Cd7 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Cd8 KZn₂AlF₈/CsAlF₄ 55/45 Cd8 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Cd9 KZn₂AlF₈/Cs₂AlF₅ 90/10 Cd9 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Cd10 KZn₂AlF₈/Cs₂AlF₅ 55/45 Cd10 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Cd11 KZn₂AlF₈/Cs₃AlF₆ 90/10 Cd11 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Cd12 KZn₂AlF₈/Cs₃AlF₆ 55/45 Cd12 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Cd13 KZn₂AlF₈/KZnF₃ 90/10 Cd13 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Cd14 KZn₂AlF₈/KZnF₃ 55/45 Cd14 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Cd15 KZn₂AlF₈/K₂ZnF₄ 90/10 Cd15 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Cd16 KZn₂AlF₈/K₂ZnF₄ 55/45 Cd16 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Cd17 KZn₂AlF₈/K₃Zn₂F₇ 90/10 Cd17 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Cd18 KZn₂AlF₈/K₃Zn₂F₇ 55/45 Cd18 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Cd19 KZn₂AlF₈/CsZnF₃ 90/10 Cd19 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Cd20 KZn₂AlF₈/CsZnF₃ 55/45 Cd20 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Cd21 KZn₂AlF₈/Cs₂ZnF₄ 90/10 Cd21 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Cd22 KZn₂AlF₈/Cs₂ZnF₄ 55/45 Cd22 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Cd23 KZn₂AlF₈/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 90/10 Cd23 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Cd24 KZn₂AlF₈/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 55/45 Cd24 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Dd1 KZnAl₂F₉/KAlF₄ 90/10 Dd1 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Dd2 KZnAl₂F₉/KAlF₄ 55/45 Dd2 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Dd3 KZnAl₂F₉/K₂AlF₅ 90/10 Dd3 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Dd4 KZnAl₂F₉/K₂AlF₅ 55/45 Dd4 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Dd5 KZnAl₂F₉/K₃AlF₆ 90/10 Dd5 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Dd6 KZnAl₂F₉/K₃AlF₆ 55/45 Dd6 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Dd7 KZnAl₂F₉/CsAlF₄ 90/10 Dd7 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Dd8 KZnAl₂F₉/CsAlF₄ 55/45 Dd8 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Dd9 KZnAl₂F₉/Cs₂AlF₅ 90/10 Dd9 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Dd10 KZnAl₂F₉/Cs₂AlF₅ 55/45 Dd10 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Dd11 KZnAl₂F₉/Cs₃AlF₆ 90/10 Dd11 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Dd12 KZnAl₂F₉/Cs₃AlF₆ 55/45 Dd12 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Dd13 KZnAl₂F₉/KZnF₃ 90/10 Dd13 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Dd14 KZnAl₂F₉/KZnF₃ 55/45 Dd14 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Dd15 KZnAl₂F₉/K₂ZnF₄ 90/10 Dd15 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Dd16 KZnAl₂F₉/K₂ZnF₄ 55/45 Dd16 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Dd17 KZnAl₂F₉/K₃Zn₂F₇ 90/10 Dd17 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Dd18 KZnAl₂F₉/K₃Zn₂F₇ 55/45 Dd18 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Dd19 KZnAl₂F₉/CsZnF₃ 90/10 Dd19 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Dd20 KZnAl₂F₉/CsZnF₃ 55/45 Dd20 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Dd21 KZnAl₂F₉/Cs₂ZnF₄ 90/10 Dd21 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Dd22 KZnAl₂F₉/Cs₂ZnF₄ 55/45 Dd22 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Dd23 KZnAl₂F₉/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 90/10 Dd23 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Dd24 KZnAl₂F₉/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 55/45 Dd24 100 Medium Not discolored Absent

TABLE 3-3 External Residue Mixing Joining appearance on Speci- Flux ratio Speci- ratio Size of of surface of surface of men composition (%) men (%) fillet aluminum aluminum Example 3 Ed1 CsZnAlF₆/KAlF₄ 90/10 Example 3 Ed1 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ed2 CsZnAlF₆/KAlF₄ 55/45 Ed2 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ed3 CsZnAlF₆/K₂AlF₅ 90/10 Ed3 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ed4 CsZnAlF₆/K₂AlF₅ 55/45 Ed4 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ed5 CsZnAlF₆/K₃AlF₆ 90/10 Ed5 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ed6 CsZnAlF₆/K₃AlF₆ 55/45 Ed6 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ed7 CsZnAlF₆/CsAlF₄ 90/10 Ed7 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ed8 CsZnAlF₆/CsAlF₄ 55/45 Ed8 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ed9 CsZnAlF₆/Cs₂AlF₅ 90/10 Ed9 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ed10 CsZnAlF₆/Cs₂AlF₅ 55/45 Ed10 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ed11 CsZnAlF₆/Cs₃AlF₆ 90/10 Ed11 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ed12 CsZnAlF₆/Cs₃AlF₆ 55/45 Ed12 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ed13 CsZnAlF₆/KZnF₃ 90/10 Ed13 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ed14 CsZnAlF₆/KZnF₃ 55/45 Ed14 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ed15 CsZnAlF₆/K₂ZnF₄ 90/10 Ed15 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ed16 CsZnAlF₆/K₂ZnF₄ 55/45 Ed16 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ed17 CsZnAlF₆/K₃Zn₂F₇ 90/10 Ed17 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ed18 CsZnAlF₆/K₃Zn₂F₇ 55/45 Ed18 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ed19 CsZnAlF₆/CsZnF₃ 90/10 Ed19 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ed20 CsZnAlF₆/CsZnF₃ 55/45 Ed20 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ed21 CsZnAlF₆/Cs₂ZnF₄ 90/10 Ed21 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ed22 CsZnAlF₆/Cs₂ZnF₄ 55/45 Ed22 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ed23 CsZnAlF₆/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 90/10 Ed23 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Ed24 CsZnAlF₆/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 55/45 Ed24 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Fd1 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/KAlF₄ 90/10 Fd1 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Fd2 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/KAlF₄ 55/45 Fd2 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Fd3 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/K₂AlF₅ 90/10 Fd3 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Fd4 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/K₂AlF₅ 55/45 Fd4 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Fd5 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/K₃AlF₆ 90/10 Fd5 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Fd6 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/K₃AlF₆ 55/45 Fd6 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Fd7 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/CsAlF₄ 90/10 Fd7 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Fd8 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/CsAlF₄ 55/45 Fd8 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Fd9 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Cs₂AlF₅ 90/10 Fd9 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Fd10 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Cs₂AlF₅ 55/45 Fd10 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Fd11 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Cs₃AlF₆ 90/10 Fd11 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Fd12 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Cs₃AlF₆ 55/45 Fd12 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Fd13 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/KZnF₃ 90/10 Fd13 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Fd14 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/KZnF₃ 55/45 Fd14 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Fd15 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/K₂ZnF₄ 90/10 Fd15 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Fd16 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/K₂ZnF₄ 55/45 Fd16 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Fd17 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/K₃Zn₂F₇ 90/10 Fd17 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Fd18 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/K₃Zn₂F₇ 55/45 Fd18 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Fd19 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/CsZnF₃ 90/10 Fd19 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Fd20 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/CsZnF₃ 55/45 Fd20 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Fd21 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Cs₂ZnF₄ 90/10 Fd21 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Fd22 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Cs₂ZnF₄ 55/45 Fd22 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Fd23 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 90/10 Fd23 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Fd24 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 55/45 Fd24 100 Medium Not discolored Absent

TABLE 3-4 External Residue Mixing Joining appearance on Speci- Flux ratio Speci- ratio Size of of surface of surface of men composition (%) men (%) fillet aluminum aluminum Example 3 Gd1 Cs₂ZnAlF₈/KAlF₄ 90/10 Example 3 Gd1 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Gd2 Cs₂ZnAlF₈/KAlF₄ 55/45 Gd2 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Gd3 Cs₂ZnAlF₈/K₂AlF₅ 90/10 Gd3 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Gd4 Cs₂ZnAlF₈/K₂AlF₅ 55/45 Gd4 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Gd5 Cs₂ZnAlF₈/K₃AlF₆ 90/10 Gd5 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Gd6 Cs₂ZnAlF₈/K₃AlF₆ 55/45 Gd6 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Gd7 Cs₂ZnAlF₈/CsAlF₄ 90/10 Gd7 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Gd8 Cs₂ZnAlF₈/CsAlF₄ 55/45 Gd8 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Gd9 Cs₂ZnAlF₈/Cs₂AlF₅ 90/10 Gd9 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Gd10 Cs₂ZnAlF₈/Cs₂AlF₅ 55/45 Gd10 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Gd11 Cs₂ZnAlF₈/Cs₃AlF₆ 90/10 Gd11 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Gd12 Cs₂ZnAlF₈/Cs₃AlF₆ 55/45 Gd12 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Gd13 Cs₂ZnAlF₈/KZnF₃ 90/10 Gd13 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Gd14 Cs₂ZnAlF₈/KZnF₃ 55/45 Gd14 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Gd15 Cs₂ZnAlF₈/K₂ZnF₄ 90/10 Gd15 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Gd16 Cs₂ZnAlF₈/K₂ZnF₄ 55/45 Gd16 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Gd17 Cs₂ZnAlF₈/K₃Zn₂F₇ 90/10 Gd17 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Gd18 Cs₂ZnAlF₈/K₃Zn₂F₇ 55/45 Gd18 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Gd19 Cs₂ZnAlF₈/CsZnF₃ 90/10 Gd19 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Gd20 Cs₂ZnAlF₈/CsZnF₃ 55/45 Gd20 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Gd21 Cs₂ZnAlF₈/Cs₂ZnF₄ 90/10 Gd21 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Gd22 Cs₂ZnAlF₈/Cs₂ZnF₄ 55/45 Gd22 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Gd23 Cs₂ZnAlF₈/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 90/10 Gd23 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Gd24 Cs₂ZnAlF₈/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 55/45 Gd24 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Hd1 CsZnAl₂F₉/KAlF₄ 90/10 Hd1 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Hd2 CsZnAl₂F₉/KAlF₄ 55/45 Hd2 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Hd3 CsZnAl₂F₉/K₂AlF₅ 90/10 Hd3 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Hd4 CsZnAl₂F₉/K₂AlF₅ 55/45 Hd4 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Hd5 CsZnAl₂F₉/K₃AlF₆ 90/10 Hd5 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Hd6 CsZnAl₂F₉/K₃AlF₆ 55/45 Hd6 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Hd7 CsZnAl₂F₉/CsAlF₄ 90/10 Hd7 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Hd8 CsZnAl₂F₉/CsAlF₄ 55/45 Hd8 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Hd9 CsZnAl₂F₉/Cs₂AlF₅ 90/10 Hd9 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Hd10 CsZnAl₂F₉/Cs₂AlF₅ 55/45 Hd10 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Hd11 CsZnAl₂F₉/Cs₃AlF₆ 90/10 Hd11 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Hd12 CsZnAl₂F₉/Cs₃AlF₆ 55/45 Hd12 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Hd13 CsZnAl₂F₉/KZnF₃ 90/10 Hd13 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Hd14 CsZnAl₂F₉/KZnF₃ 55/45 Hd14 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Hd15 CsZnAl₂F₉/K₂ZnF₄ 90/10 Hd15 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Hd16 CsZnAl₂F₉/K₂ZnF₄ 55/45 Hd16 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Hd17 CsZnAl₂F₉/K₃Zn₂F₇ 90/10 Hd17 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Hd18 CsZnAl₂F₉/K₃Zn₂F₇ 55/45 Hd18 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Hd19 CsZnAl₂F₉/CsZnF₃ 90/10 Hd19 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Hd20 CsZnAl₂F₉/CsZnF₃ 55/45 Hd20 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Hd21 CsZnAl₂F₉/Cs₂ZnF₄ 90/10 Hd21 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Hd22 CsZnAl₂F₉/Cs₂ZnF₄ 55/45 Hd22 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Hd23 CsZnAl₂F₉/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 90/10 Hd23 100 Medium Not discolored Absent Hd24 CsZnAl₂F₉/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 55/45 Hd24 100 Medium Not discolored Absent

TABLE 3-5 External Residue Mixing Joining appearance on Speci- Flux ratio Speci- ratio Size of of surface of surface of men composition (%) men (%) fillet aluminum aluminum Comparative Ad25 KZnAlF₆/KAlF₄ 10/90 Comparative Ad25 90 Small White Present (white) Example 3 Ad26 KZnAlF₆/K₂AlF₅ 10/90 Example 3 Ad26 90 Small White Present (white) Ad27 KZnAlF₆/K₃AlF₆ 10/90 Ad27 90 Small White Present (white) Ad28 KZnAlF₆/CsAlF₄ 10/90 Ad28 90 Small White Present (white) Ad29 KZnAlF₆/Cs₂AlF₅ 10/90 Ad29 90 Small White Present (white) Ad30 KZnAlF₆/Cs₃AlF₆ 10/90 Ad30 90 Small White Present (white) Ad31 KZnAlF₆/KZnF₃ 10/90 Ad31 70 Small Discolored Present (white) Ad32 KZnAlF₆/K₂ZnF₄ 10/90 Ad32 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Ad33 KZnAlF₆/K₃Zn₂F₇ 10/90 Ad33 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Ad34 KZnAlF₆/CsZnF₃ 10/90 Ad34 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Ad35 KZnAlF₆/Cs₂ZnF₄ 10/90 Ad35 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Ad36 KZnAlF₆/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 10/90 Ad36 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Bd25 K₂ZnAlF₇/KAlF₄ 10/90 Bd25 90 Small White Present (white) Bd26 K₂ZnAlF₇/K₂AlF₅ 10/90 Bd26 90 Small White Present (white) Bd27 K₂ZnAlF₇/K₃AlF₆ 10/90 Bd27 90 Small White Present (white) Bd28 K₂ZnAlF₇/CsAlF₄ 10/90 Bd28 90 Small White Present (white) Bd29 K₂ZnAlF₇/Cs₂AlF₅ 10/90 Bd29 90 Small White Present (white) Bd30 K₂ZnAlF₇/Cs₃AlF₆ 10/90 Bd30 90 Small White Present (white) Bd31 K₂ZnAlF₇/KZnF₃ 10/90 Bd31 90 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Bd32 K₂ZnAlF₇/K₂ZnF₄ 10/90 Bd32 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Bd33 K₂ZnAlF₇/K₃Zn₂F₇ 10/90 Bd33 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Bd34 K₂ZnAlF₇/CsZnF₃ 10/90 Bd34 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Bd35 K₂ZnAlF₇/Cs₂ZnF₄ 10/90 Bd35 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Bd36 K₂ZnAlF₇/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 10/90 Bd36 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Cd25 KZn₂AlF₈/KAlF₄ 10/90 Cd25 90 Small White Present (white) Cd26 KZn₂AlF₈/K₂AlF₅ 10/90 Cd26 90 Small White Present (white) Cd27 KZn₂AlF₈/K₃AlF₆ 10/90 Cd27 90 Small White Present (white) Cd28 KZn₂AlF₈/CsAlF₄ 10/90 Cd28 90 Small White Present (white) Cd29 KZn₂AlF₈/Cs₂AlF₅ 10/90 Cd29 90 Small White Present ( white) Cd30 KZn₂AlF₈/Cs₃AlF₆ 10/90 Cd30 90 Small White Present (white) Cd31 KZn₂AlF₈/KZnF₃ 10/90 Cd31 70 Small Discolored Present (white) Cd32 KZn₂AlF₈/K₂ZnF₄ 10/90 Cd32 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Cd33 KZn₂AlF₈/K₃Zn₂F₇ 10/90 Cd33 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Cd34 KZn₂AlF₈/CsZnF₃ 10/90 Cd34 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Cd35 KZn₂AlF₈/Cs₂ZnF₄ 10/90 Cd35 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Cd36 KZn₂AlF₈/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 10/90 Cd36 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Dd25 KZnAl₂F₉/KAlF₄ 10/90 Dd25 90 Small White Present (white) Dd26 KZnAl₂F₉/K₂AlF₅ 10/90 Dd26 90 Small White Present (white) Dd27 KZnAl₂F₉/K₃AlF₆ 10/90 Dd27 90 Small White Present (white) Dd28 KZnAl₂F₉/CsAlF₄ 10/90 Dd28 90 Small White Present (white) Dd29 KZnAl₂F₉/Cs₂AlF₅ 10/90 Dd29 90 Small White Present (white) Dd30 KZnAl₂F₉/Cs₃AlF₆ 10/90 Dd30 90 Small White Present (white) Dd31 KZnAl₂F₉/KZnF₃ 10/90 Dd31 70 Small Discolored Present (white) Dd32 KZnAl₂F₉/K₂ZnF₄ 10/90 Dd32 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Dd33 KZnAl₂F₉/K₃Zn₂F₇ 10/90 Dd33 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Dd34 KZnAl₂F₉/CsZnF₃ 10/90 Dd34 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Dd35 KZnAl₂F₉/Cs₂ZnF₄ 10/90 Dd35 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Dd36 KZnAl₂F₉/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 10/90 Dd36 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored)

TABLE 3-6 External Residue Mixing Joining appearance on Speci- Flux ratio Speci- ratio Size of of surface of surface of men composition (%) men (%) fillet aluminum aluminum Comparative Ed25 CsZnAlF₆/KAlF₄ 10/90 Comparative Ed25 90 Small White Present (white) Example 3 Ed26 CsZnAlF₆/K₂AlF₅ 10/90 Example 3 Ed26 90 Small White Present (white) Ed27 CsZnAlF₆/K₃AlF₆ 10/90 Ed27 90 Small White Present (white) Ed28 CsZnAlF₆/CsAlF₄ 10/90 Ed28 90 Small White Present (white) Ed29 CsZnAlF₆/Cs₂AlF₅ 10/90 Ed29 90 Small White Present (white) Ed30 CsZnAlF₆/Cs₃AlF₆ 10/90 Ed30 90 Small White Present (white) Ed31 CsZnAlF₆/KZnF₃ 10/90 Ed31 70 Small Discolored Present (white) Ed32 CsZnAlF₆/K₂ZnF₄ 10/90 Ed32 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Ed33 CsZnAlF₆/K₃Zn₂F₇ 10/90 Ed33 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Ed34 CsZnAlF₆/CsZnF₃ 10/90 Ed34 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Ed35 CsZnAlF₆/Cs₂ZnF₄ 10/90 Ed35 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Ed36 CsZnAlF₆/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 10/90 Ed36 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Fd25 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/KAlF₄ 10/90 Fd25 90 Small White Present (white) Fd26 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/K₂AlF₅ 10/90 Fd26 90 Small White Present (white) Fd27 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/K₃AlF₆ 10/90 Fd27 90 Small White Present (white) Fd28 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/CsAlF₄ 10/90 Fd28 90 Small White Present (white) Fd29 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Cs₂AlF₅ 10/90 Fd29 90 Small White Present (white) Fd30 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Cs₃AlF₆ 10/90 Fd30 90 Small White Present (white) Fd31 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/KZnF₃ 10/90 Fd31 70 Small Discolored Present (white) Fd32 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/K₂ZnF₄ 10/90 Fd32 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Fd33 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/K₃Zn₂F₇ 10/90 Fd33 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Fd34 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/CsZnF₃ 10/90 Fd34 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Fd35 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Cs₂ZnF₄ 10/90 Fd35 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Fd36 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 10/90 Fd36 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Gd25 CsZn₂AlF₈/KAlF₄ 10/90 Gd25 90 Small White Present (white) Gd26 CsZn₂AlF₈/K₂AlF₅ 10/90 Gd26 90 Small White Present (white) Gd27 CsZn₂AlF₈/K₃AlF₆ 10/90 Gd27 90 Small White Present (white) Gd28 CsZn₂AlF₈/CsAlF₄ 10/90 Gd28 90 Small White Present (white) Gd29 CsZn₂AlF₈/Cs₂AlF₅ 10/90 Gd29 90 Small White Present ( white) Gd30 CsZn₂AlF₈/Cs₃AlF₆ 10/90 Gd30 90 Small White Present (white) Gd31 CsZn₂AlF₈/KZnF₃ 10/90 Gd31 70 Small Discolored Present (white) Gd32 CsZn₂AlF₈/K₂ZnF₄ 10/90 Gd32 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Gd33 CsZn₂AlF₈/K₃Zn₂F₇ 10/90 Gd33 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Gd34 CsZn₂AlF₈/CsZnF₃ 10/90 Gd34 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Gd35 CsZn₂AlF₈/Cs₂ZnF₄ 10/90 Gd35 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Gd36 CsZn₂AlF₈/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 10/90 Gd36 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Hd25 CsZnAl₂F₉/KAlF₄ 10/90 Hd25 90 Small White Present (white) Hd26 CsZnAl₂F₉/K₂AlF₅ 10/90 Hd26 90 Small White Present(white) Hd27 CsZnAl₂F₉/K₃AlF₆ 10/90 Hd27 90 Small White Present (white) Hd28 CsZnAl₂F₉/CsAlF₄ 10/90 Hd28 90 Small White Present (white) Hd29 CsZnAl₂F₉/Cs₂AlF₅ 10/90 Hd29 90 Small White Present (white) Hd30 CsZnAl₂F₉/Cs₃AlF₆ 10/90 Hd30 90 Small White Present (white) Hd31 CsZnAl₂F₉/KZnF₃ 10/90 Hd31 70 Small Discolored Present (white) Hd32 CsZnAl₂F₉/K₂ZnF₄ 10/90 Hd32 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Hd33 CsZnAl₂F₉/K₃Zn₂F₇ 10/90 Hd33 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Hd34 CsZnAl₂F₉/CsZnF₃ 10/90 Hd34 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Hd35 CsZnAl₂F₉/Cs₂ZnF₄ 10/90 Hd35 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Hd36 CsZnAl₂F₉/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 10/90 Hd36 70 Small Discolored Present (discolored)

TABLE 3-7 External Residue Mixing Joining appearance on Speci- Flux ratio Speci- ratio Size of of surface of surface of men composition (%) men (%) fillet aluminum aluminum Comparative Id1 KAlF₄/K₂AlF₅ 90/10 Comparative Id1 80 Small White Present (white) Example 3 Id2 KAlF₄/K₂AlF₅ 55/45 Example 3 Id2 80 Small White Present (white) Id3 KAlF₄/K₂AlF₅ 10/90 Id3 80 Small White Present (white) Id4 KAlF₄/K₃AlF₆ 90/10 Id4 80 Small White Present (white) Id5 KAlF₄/K₃AlF₆ 55/45 Id5 80 Small White Present (white) Id6 KAlF₄/K₃AlF₆ 10/90 Id6 80 Small White Present (white) Id7 KAlF₄/CsAlF₄ 90/10 Id7 80 Small White Present (white) Id8 KAlF₄/CsAlF₄ 55/45 Id8 80 Small White Present (white) Id9 KAlF₄/CsAlF₄ 10/90 Id9 80 Small White Present (white) Id10 KAlF₄/Cs₂AlF₅ 90/10 Id10 80 Small White Present (white) Id11 KAlF₄/Cs₂AlF₅ 55/45 Id11 80 Small White Present (white) Id12 KAlF₄/Cs₂AlF₅ 10/90 Id12 80 Small White Present (white) Id13 KAlF₄/Cs₃AlF₆ 90/10 Id13 80 Small White Present (white) Id14 KAlF₄/Cs₃AlF₆ 55/45 Id14 80 Small White Present (white) Id15 KAlF₄/Cs₃AlF₆ 10/90 Id15 80 Small White Present (white) Id16 KAlF₄/KZnF₃ 90/10 Id16 60 Small Discolored Present (white) Id17 KAlF₄/KZnF₃ 55/45 Id17 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Id18 KAlF₄/KZnF₃ 10/90 Id18 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Id19 KAlF₄/K₂ZnF₄ 90/10 Id19 60 Small Discolored Present (white) Id20 KAlF₄/K₂ZnF₄ 55/45 Id20 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Id21 KAlF₄/K₂ZnF₄ 10/90 Id21 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Id22 KAlF₄/K₃Zn₂F₇ 90/10 Id22 60 Small Discolored Present (white) Id23 KAlF₄/K₃Zn₂F₇ 55/45 Id23 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Id24 KAlF₄/K₃Zn₂F₇ 10/90 Id24 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Id25 KAlF₄/CsZnF₃ 90/10 Id25 60 Small Discolored Present (white) Id26 KAlF₄/CsZnF₃ 55/45 Id26 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Id27 KAlF₄/CsZnF₃ 10/90 Id27 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Id28 KAlF₄/Cs₂ZnF₄ 90/10 Id28 60 Small Discolored Present (white) Id29 KAlF₄/Cs₂ZnF₄ 55/45 Id29 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Id30 KAlF₄/Cs₂ZnF₄ 10/90 Id30 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Id31 KAlF₄/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 90/10 Id31 60 Small Discolored Present (white) Id32 KAlF₄/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 55/45 Id32 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Id33 KAlF₄/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 10/90 Id33 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored)

TABLE 3-8 External Residue Mixing Joining appearance on Speci- Flux ratio Speci- ratio Size of of surface of surface of men composition (%) men (%) fillet aluminum aluminum Comparative Jd1 KZnF₃/KAlF₄ 90/10 Comparative Jd1 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Example 3 Jd2 KZnF₃/KAlF₄ 55/45 Example 3 Jd2 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd3 KZnF₃/KAlF₄ 10/90 Jd3 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd4 KZnF₃/K₂AlF₅ 90/10 Jd4 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd5 KZnF₃/K₂AlF₅ 55/45 Jd5 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd6 KZnF₃/K₂AlF₅ 10/90 Jd6 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd7 KZnF₃/K₃AlF₆ 90/10 Jd7 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd8 KZnF₃/K₃AlF₆ 55/45 Jd8 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd9 KZnF₃/K₃AlF₆ 10/90 Jd9 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd10 KZnF₃/CsAlF₄ 90/10 Jd10 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd11 KZnF₃/CsAlF₄ 55/45 Jd11 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd12 KZnF₃/CsAlF₄ 10/90 Jd12 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd13 KZnF₃/Cs₂AlF₅ 90/10 Jd13 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd14 KZnF₃/Cs₂AlF₅ 55/45 Jd14 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd15 KZnF₃/Cs₂AlF₅ 10/90 Jd15 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd16 KZnF₃/Cs₃AlF₆ 90/10 Jd16 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd17 KZnF₃/Cs₃AlF₆ 55/45 Jd17 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd18 KZnF₃/Cs₃AlF₆ 10/90 Jd18 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd19 KZnF₃/K₂ZnF₄ 90/10 Jd19 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd20 KZnF₃/K₂ZnF₄ 55/45 Jd20 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd21 KZnF₃/K₂ZnF₄ 10/90 Jd21 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd22 KZnF₃/K₃Zn₂F₇ 90/10 Jd22 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd23 KZnF₃/K₃Zn₂F₇ 55/45 Jd23 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd24 KZnF₃/K₃Zn₂F₇ 10/90 Jd24 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd25 KZnF₃/CsZnF₃ 90/10 Jd25 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd26 KZnF₃/CsZnF₃ 55/45 Jd26 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd27 KZnF₃/CsZnF₃ 10/90 Jd27 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd28 KZnF₃/Cs₂ZnF₄ 90/10 Jd28 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd29 KZnF₃/Cs₂ZnF₄ 55/45 Jd29 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd30 KZnF₃/Cs₂ZnF₄ 10/90 Jd30 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd31 KZnF₃/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 90/10 Jd31 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd32 KZnF₃/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 55/45 Jd32 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored) Jd33 KZnF₃/Cs₃Zn₂F₇ 10/90 Jd33 60 Small Discolored Present (discolored)

As shown in Tables 3-1 to 3-4, good results (brazability) were obtained in Example 3 even when the oxygen concentration during brazing was high. On the other hand, when the ratio of the component (A) was low, and the ratio of the alkali metal fluoroaluminate was high (Ad25 to Ad30, Bd25 to Bd30, Cd25 to Cd30, Dd25 to Dd30, Ed25 to Ed30, Fd25 to Fd30, Gd25 to Gd30, and Hd25 to Hd30 of Comparative Example 3), a white residue was observed on the surface of the aluminum alloy when the oxygen concentration was high, and the joining ratio decreased due to the residue. When the ratio of the component (A) was low, and the ratio of the alkali metal fluorozincate was high (Ad31 to Ad36, Bd31 to Bd36, Cd31 to Cd36, Dd31 to Dd36, Ed31 to Ed36, Fd31 to Fd36, Gd31 to Gd36, and Hd31 to Hd36), a discolored residue and discoloring were observed on the surface of the aluminum alloy when the oxygen concentration was high, and the joining ratio decreased due to the residue. When the component (A) was not used (Id1 to Id33 and Jd1 to Jd33), a white residue (unreacted flux) or a discolored residue and discoloration were observed on the surface of the aluminum alloy, and the joining ratio decreased due to the residue.

Example 4 and Comparative Example 4

Flux Composition

The materials shown in Tables 4-1 to 4-16 were mixed in the mixing ratio shown in Tables 4-1 to 4-16 to prepare a powder mixture (flux composition) (average particle size: 10 mm). In Example 4 and Comparative Example 4, a powder of an alkali metal zinc fluoroaluminate and a metal powder or a metal alloy powder were mixed. In Tables 4-1 to 4-16, the content (mass %) of each element in each metal alloy is indicated by a numeral. For example, “KZnAlF₆/Al-25Si-25Cu” is a mixture of a KZnAlF₆ powder and an Al alloy powder having an Si content of 25 mass % and a Cu content of 25 mass %.

Brazing Test

The brazing test was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.

Evaluation of Brazability

The brazability was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 4-1 to 4-16.

TABLE 4-1 External Residue Mixing Joining appearance on Speci- Flux ratio Speci- ratio Size of of surface of surface of men composition (%) men (%) fillet aluminum aluminum Example 4 Aa1 KZnAlF₆/Al 70/30 Example 4 Aa1 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa2 KZnAlF₆/Si 70/30 Aa2 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa3 KZnAlF₆/Cu 70/30 Aa3 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa4 KZnAlF₆/Zn 70/30 Aa4 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa5 KZnAlF₆/Al-1Si 70/30 Aa5 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa6 KZnAlF₆/Al-10Si 70/30 Aa6 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa7 KZnAlF₆/Al-50Si 70/30 Aa7 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa8 KZnAlF₆/Al-90Si 70/30 Aa8 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa9 KZnAlF₆/Al-1Cu 70/30 Aa9 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa10 KZnAlF₆/Al-10Cu 70/30 Aa10 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa11 KZnAlF₆/Al-50Cu 70/30 Aa11 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa12 KZnAlF₆/Al-90Cu 70/30 Aa12 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa13 KZnAlF₆/Al-1Zn 70/30 Aa13 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa14 KZnAlF₆/Al-10Zn 70/30 Aa14 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa15 KZnAlF₆/Al-50Zn 70/30 Aa15 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa16 KZnAlF₆/Al-90Zn 70/30 Aa16 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa17 KZnAlF₆/Cu-10Zn 70/30 Aa17 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa18 KZnAlF₆/Cu-50Zn 70/30 Aa18 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa19 KZnAlF₆/Cu-90Zn 70/30 Aa19 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa20 KZnAlF₆/Al-1Si-1Cu 70/30 Aa20 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa21 KZnAlF₆/Al-10Si-10Cu 70/30 Aa21 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa22 KZnAlF₆/Al-25Si-25Cu 70/30 Aa22 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa23 KZnAlF₆/Al-45Si-45Cu 70/30 Aa23 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa24 KZnAlF₆/Al-90Si-1Cu 70/30 Aa24 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa25 KZnAlF₆/Al-1Si-90Cu 70/30 Aa25 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa26 KZnAlF₆/Al-1Si-1Zn 70/30 Aa26 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa27 KZnAlF₆/Al-10Si-10Zn 70/30 Aa27 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa28 KZnAlF₆/Al-25Si-25Zn 70/30 Aa28 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa29 KZnAlF₆/Al-45Si-45Zn 70/30 Aa29 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa30 KZnAlF₆/Al-90Si-1Zn 70/30 Aa30 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa31 KZnAlF₆/Al-1Si-90Zn 70/30 Aa31 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa32 KZnAlF₆/Al-1Cu-1Zn 70/30 Aa32 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa33 KZnAlF₆/Al-10Cu-10Zn 70/30 Aa33 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa34 KZnAlF₆/Al-25Cu-25Zn 70/30 Aa34 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa35 KZnAlF₆/Al-45Cu-45Zn 70/30 Aa35 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa36 KZnAlF₆/Al-90-Cu-1Zn 70/30 Aa36 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa37 KZnAlF₆/Al-1Cu-90Zn 70/30 Aa37 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa38 KZnAlF₆/Al-1Si-1Cu-1Zn 70/30 Aa38 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa39 KZnAlF₆/Al-5Si-5Cu-5Zn 70/30 Aa39 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa40 KZnAlF₆/Al-10Si-10Cu-10Zn 70/30 Aa40 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa41 KZnAlF₆/Al-30Si-30Cu-30Cu 70/30 Aa41 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa42 KZnAlF₆/Al-90Si-1Cu-1Zn 70/30 Aa42 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa43 KZnAlF₆/Al-1Si-90Cu-1Zn 70/30 Aa43 100 Large Not discolored Absent Aa44 KZnAlF₆/Al-1Si-1Cu-90Zn 70/30 Aa44 100 Large Not discolored Absent

TABLE 4-2 External Residue Mixing Joining appearance on Speci- Flux ratio Speci- ratio Size of of surface of surface of men composition (%) men (%) fillet aluminum aluminum Example 4 Ba1 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al 70/30 Example 4 Ba1 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba2 K₂ZnAlF₇/Si 70/30 Ba2 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba3 K₂ZnAlF₇/Cu 70/30 Ba3 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba4 K₂ZnAlF₇/Zn 70/30 Ba4 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba5 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-1Si 70/30 Ba5 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba6 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-10Si 70/30 Ba6 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba7 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-50Si 70/30 Ba7 100 Large Not discolored Absent Bab K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-90Si 70/30 Bab 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba9 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-1Cu 70/30 Ba9 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba10 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-10Cu 70/30 Ba10 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba11 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-50Cu 70/30 Ba11 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba12 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-90Cu 70/30 Ba12 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba13 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-1Zn 70/30 Ba13 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba14 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-10Zn 70/30 Ba14 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba15 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-50Zn 70/30 Ba15 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba16 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-90Zn 70/30 Ba16 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba17 K₂ZnAlF₇/Cu-10Zn 70/30 Ba17 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba18 K₂ZnAlF₇/Cu-50Zn 70/30 Ba18 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba19 K₂ZnAlF₇/Cu-90Zn 70/30 Ba19 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba20 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-1Si-1Cu 70/30 Ba20 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba21 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-10Si-10Cu 70/30 Ba21 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba22 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-25Si-25Cu 70/30 Ba22 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba23 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-45Si-45Cu 70/30 Ba23 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba24 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-90Si-1Cu 70/30 Ba24 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba25 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-1Si-90Cu 70/30 Ba25 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba26 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-1Si-1Zn 70/30 Ba26 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba27 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-10Si-10Zn 70/30 Ba27 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba28 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-25Si-25Zn 70/30 Ba28 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba29 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-45Si-45Zn 70/30 Ba29 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba30 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-90Si-1Zn 70/30 Ba30 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba31 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-1Si-90Zn 70/30 Ba31 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba32 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-1Cu-1Zn 70/30 Ba32 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba33 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-10Cu-10Zn 70/30 Ba33 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba34 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-25Cu-25Zn 70/30 Ba34 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba35 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-45Cu-45Zn 70/30 Ba35 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba36 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-90-Cu-1Zn 70/30 Ba36 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba37 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-1Cu-90Zn 70/30 Ba37 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba38 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-1Si-1Cu-1Zn 70/30 Ba38 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba39 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-5Si-5Cu-5Zn 70/30 Ba39 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba40 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-10Si-10Cu-10Zn 70/30 Ba40 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba41 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-30Si-30Cu-30Cu 70/30 Ba41 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba42 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-90Si-1Cu-1Zn 70/30 Ba42 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba43 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-1Si-90Cu-1Zn 70/30 Ba43 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ba44 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al-1Si-1Cu-90Zn 70/30 Ba44 100 Large Not discolored Absent

TABLE 4-3 External Mixing Joining appearance Residue on Spec- ratio ratio Size of surface of surface of imen Flux composition (%) Specimen (%) of fillet aluminum aluminum Ex- Ca1  KZn₂AlF₈/Al 70/30 Ex- Ca1  100 Large Not discolored Absent ample Ca2  KZn₂AlF₈/Si 70/30 ample Ca2  100 Large Not discolored Absent 4 Ca3  KZn₂AlF₈/Cu 70/30 4 Ca3  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca4  KZn₂AlF₈/Zn 70/30 Ca4  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca5  KZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si 70/30 Ca5  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca6  KZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Si 70/30 Ca6  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca7  KZn₂AlF₈/Al—50Si 70/30 Ca7  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca8  KZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Si 70/30 Ca8  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca9  KZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Cu 70/30 Ca9  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca10 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Cu 70/30 Ca10 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca11 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—50Cu 70/30 Ca11 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca12 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Cu 70/30 Ca12 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca13 KZn₂AlF₈//Al—1Zn 70/30 Ca13 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca14 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Zn 70/30 Ca14 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca15 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—50Zn 70/30 Ca15 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca16 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Zn 70/30 Ca16 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca17 KZn₂AlF₈/Cu—10Zn 70/30 Ca17 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca18 KZn₂AlF₈/Cu—50Zn 70/30 Ca18 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca19 KZn₂AlF₈/Cu—90Zn 70/30 Ca19 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca20 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—1Cu 70/30 Ca20 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca21 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Si—10Cu 70/30 Ca21 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca22 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—25Si—25Cu 70/30 Ca22 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca23 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—45Si—45Cu 70/30 Ca23 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca24 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Si—1Cu 70/30 Ca24 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca25 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—90Cu 70/30 Ca25 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca26 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—1Zn 70/30 Ca26 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca27 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Si—10Zn 70/30 Ca27 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca28 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—25Si—25Zn 70/30 Ca28 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca29 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—45Si—45Zn 70/30 Ca29 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca30 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Si—1Zn 70/30 Ca30 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca31 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—90Zn 70/30 Ca31 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca32 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Cu—1Zn 70/30 Ca32 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca33 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Cu—10Zn 70/30 Ca33 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca34 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—25Cu—25Zn 70/30 Ca34 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca35 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—45Cu—45Zn 70/30 Ca35 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca36 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Cu—1Zn 70/30 Ca36 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca37 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Cu—90Zn 70/30 Ca37 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca38 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—1Cu—1Zn 70/30 Ca38 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca39 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—5Si—5Cu—5Zn 70/30 Ca39 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca40 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Si—10Cu—10Zn 70/30 Ca40 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca41 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—30Si—30Cu—30Cu 70/30 Ca41 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca42 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Si—1Cu—1Zn 70/30 Ca42 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca43 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—90Cu—1Zn 70/30 Ca43 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ca44 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—1Cu—90Zn 70/30 Ca44 100 Large Not discolored Absent

TABLE 4-4 External Mixing Joining appearance Residue on Spec- ratio ratio Size of surface of surface of imen Flux composition (%) Specimen (%) of fillet aluminum aluminum Ex- Da1  KZnAl₂F₉/Al 70/30 Ex- Da1  100 Large Not discolored Absent ample Da2  KZnAl₂F₉/Si 70/30 ample Da2  100 Large Not discolored Absent 4 Da3  KZnAl₂F₉/Cu 70/30 4 Da3  100 Large Not discolored Absent Da4  KZnAl₂F₉/Zn 70/30 Da4  100 Large Not discolored Absent Da5  KZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si 70/30 Da5  100 Large Not discolored Absent Da6  KZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Si 70/30 Da6  100 Large Not discolored Absent Da7  KZnAl₂F₉/Al—50Si 70/30 Da7  100 Large Not discolored Absent Dab  KZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Si 70/30 Dab  100 Large Not discolored Absent Da9  KZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Cu 70/30 Da9  100 Large Not discolored Absent Da10 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Cu 70/30 Da10 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da11 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—50Cu 70/30 Da11 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da12 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Cu 70/30 Da12 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da13 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Zn 70/30 Da13 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da14 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Zn 70/30 Da14 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da15 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—50Zn 70/30 Da15 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da16 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Zn 70/30 Da16 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da17 KZnAl₂F₉/Cu—10Zn 70/30 Da17 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da18 KZnAl₂F₉/Cu—50Zn 70/30 Da18 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da19 KZnAl₂F₉/Cu—90Zn 70/30 Da19 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da20 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—1Cu 70/30 Da20 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da21 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Si—10Cu 70/30 Da21 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da22 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—25Si—25Cu 70/30 Da22 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da23 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—45Si—45Cu 70/30 Da23 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da24 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Si—1Cu 70/30 Da24 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da25 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—90Cu 70/30 Da25 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da26 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—1Zn 70/30 Da26 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da27 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Si—10Zn 70/30 Da27 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da28 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—25Si—25Zn 70/30 Da28 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da29 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—45Si—45Zn 70/30 Da29 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da30 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Si—1Zn 70/30 Da30 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da31 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—90Zn 70/30 Da31 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da32 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Cu—1Zn 70/30 Da32 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da33 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Cu—10Zn 70/30 Da33 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da34 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—25Cu—25Zn 70/30 Da34 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da35 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—45Cu—45Zn 70/30 Da35 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da36 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Cu—1Zn 70/30 Da36 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da37 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Cu—90Zn 70/30 Da37 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da38 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—1Cu—1Zn 70/30 Da38 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da39 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—5Si—5Cu—5Zn 70/30 Da39 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da40 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Si—10Cu—10Zn 70/30 Da40 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da41 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—30Si—30Cu—30Cu 70/30 Da41 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da42 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Si—1Cu—1Zn 70/30 Da42 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da43 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—90Cu—1Zn 70/30 Da43 100 Large Not discolored Absent Da44 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—1Cu—90Zn 70/30 Da44 100 Large Not discolored Absent

TABLE 4-5 External Mixing Joining appearance Residue on Spec- ratio ratio Size of surface of surface of imen Flux composition (%) Specimen (%) of fillet aluminum aluminum Ex- Ea1  CsZnAlF₆/Al 70/30 Ex- Ea1  100 Large Not discolored Absent ample Ea2  CsZnAlF₆/Si 70/30 ample Ea2  100 Large Not discolored Absent 4 Ea3  CsZnAlF₆/Cu 70/30 4 Ea3  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea4  CsZnAlF₆/Zn 70/30 Ea4  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea5  CsZnAlF₆/Al—1Si 70/30 Ea5  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea6  CsZnAlF₆/Al—10Si 70/30 Ea6  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea7  CsZnAlF₆/Al—50Si 70/30 Ea7  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea8  CsZnAlF₆/Al—90Si 70/30 Ea8  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea9  CsZnAlF₆/Al—1Cu 70/30 Ea9  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea10 CsZnAlF₆/Al—10Cu 70/30 Ea10 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea11 CsZnAlF₆/Al—50Cu 70/30 Ea11 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea12 CsZnAlF₆/Al—90Cu 70/30 Ea12 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea13 CsZnAlF₆/Al—1Zn 70/30 Ea13 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea14 CsZnAlF₆/Al—10Zn 70/30 Ea14 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea15 CsZnAlF₆/Al—50Zn 70/30 Ea15 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea16 CsZnAlF₆/Al—90Zn 70/30 Ea16 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea17 CsZnAlF₆/Cu—10Zn 70/30 Ea17 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea18 CsZnAlF₆/Cu—50Zn 70/30 Ea18 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea19 CsZnAlF₆/Cu—90Zn 70/30 Ea19 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea20 CsZnAlF₆/Al—1Si—1Cu 70/30 Ea20 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea21 CsZnAlF₆/Al—10Si—10Cu 70/30 Ea21 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea22 CsZnAlF₆/Al—25Si—25Cu 70/30 Ea22 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea23 CsZnAlF₆/Al—45Si—45Cu 70/30 Ea23 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea24 CsZnAlF₆/Al—90Si—1Cu 70/30 Ea24 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea25 CsZnAlF₆/Al—1Si—90Cu 70/30 Ea25 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea26 CsZnAlF₆/Al—1Si—1Zn 70/30 Ea26 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea27 CsZnAlF₆/Al—10Si—10Zn 70/30 Ea27 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea28 CsZnAlF₆/Al—25Si—25Zn 70/30 Ea28 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea29 CsZnAlF₆/Al—45Si—45Zn 70/30 Ea29 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea30 CsZnAlF₆/Al—90Si—1Zn 70/30 Ea30 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea31 CsZnAlF₆/Al—1Si—90Zn 70/30 Ea31 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea32 CsZnAlF₆/Al—1Cu—1Zn 70/30 Ea32 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea33 CsZnAlF₆/Al—10Cu—10Zn 70/30 Ea33 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea34 CsZnAlF₆/Al—25Cu—25Zn 70/30 Ea34 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea35 CsZnAlF₆/Al—45Cu—45Zn 70/30 Ea35 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea36 CsZnAlF₆/Al—90Cu—1Zn 70/30 Ea36 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea37 CsZnAlF₆/Al—1Cu—90Zn 70/30 Ea37 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea38 CsZnAlF₆/Al—1Si—1Cu—1Zn 70/30 Ea38 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea39 CsZnAlF₆/Al—5Si—5Cu—5Zn 70/30 Ea39 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea40 CsZnAlF₆/Al—10Si—10Cu—10Zn 70/30 Ea40 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea41 CsZnAlF₆/Al—30Si—30Cu—30Cu 70/30 Ea41 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea42 CsZnAlF₆/Al—90Si—1Cu—1Zn 70/30 Ea42 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea43 CsZnAlF₆/Al—1Si—90Cu—1Zn 70/30 Ea43 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ea44 CsZnAlF₆/Al—1Si—1Cu—90Zn 70/30 Ea44 100 Large Not discolored Absent

TABLE 4-6 External Mixing Joining appearance Residue on Spec- ratio ratio Size of surface of surface of imen Flux composition (%) Specimen (%) of fillet aluminum aluminum Ex- Fa1  Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al 70/30 Ex- Fa1  100 Large Not discolored Absent ample Fa2  Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Si 70/30 ample Fa2  100 Large Not discolored Absent 4 Fa3  Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Cu 70/30 4 Fa3  100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa4  Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Zn 70/30 Fa4  100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa5  Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Si 70/30 Fa5  100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa6  Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—10Si 70/30 Fa6  100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa7  Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—50Si 70/30 Fa7  100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa8  Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—90Si 70/30 Fa8  100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa9  Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Cu 70/30 Fa9  100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa10 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—10Cu 70/30 Fa10 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa11 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—50Cu 70/30 Fa11 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa12 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—90Cu 70/30 Fa12 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa13 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Zn 70/30 Fa13 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa14 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—10Zn 70/30 Fa14 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa15 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—50Zn 70/30 Fa15 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa16 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—90Zn 70/30 Fa16 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa17 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Cu—10Zn 70/30 Fa17 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa18 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Cu—50Zn 70/30 Fa18 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa19 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Cu—90Zn 70/30 Fa19 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa20 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Si—1Cu 70/30 Fa20 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa21 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—10Si—10Cu 70/30 Fa21 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa22 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—25Si—25Cu 70/30 Fa22 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa23 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—45Si—45Cu 70/30 Fa23 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa24 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—90Si—1Cu 70/30 Fa24 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa25 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Si—90Cu 70/30 Fa25 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa26 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Si—1Zn 70/30 Fa26 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa27 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—10Si—10Zn 70/30 Fa27 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa28 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—25Si—25Zn 70/30 Fa28 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa29 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—45Si—45Zn 70/30 Fa29 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa30 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—90Si—1Zn 70/30 Fa30 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa31 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Si—90Zn 70/30 Fa31 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa32 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Cu—1Zn 70/30 Fa32 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa33 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—10Cu—10Zn 70/30 Fa33 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa34 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—25Cu—25Zn 70/30 Fa34 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa35 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—45Cu—45Zn 70/30 Fa35 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa36 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—90Cu—1Zn 70/30 Fa36 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa37 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Cu—90Zn 70/30 Fa37 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa38 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Si—1 Cu—1Zn 70/30 Fa38 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa39 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—5Si—5Cu—5Zn 70/30 Fa39 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa40 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—10Si—10Cu—10Zn 70/30 Fa40 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa41 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—30Si—30Cu—30Cu 70/30 Fa41 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa42 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—90Si—1Cu—1Zn 70/30 Fa42 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa43 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Si—90Cu—1Zn 70/30 Fa43 100 Large Not discolored Absent Fa44 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Si—1Cu—90Zn 70/30 Fa44 100 Large Not discolored Absent

TABLE 4-7 External Mixing Joining appearance Residue on Spec- ratio ratio Size of surface of surface of imen Flux composition (%) Specimen (%) of fillet aluminum aluminum Ex- Ga1  CsZn₂AlF₈/Al 70/30 Ex- Ga1  100 Large Not discolored Absent ample Ga2  CsZn₂AlF₈/Si 70/30 ample Ga2  100 Large Not discolored Absent 4 Ga3  CsZn₂AlF₈/Cu 70/30 4 Ga3  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga4  CsZn₂AlF₈/Zn 70/30 Ga4  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga5  CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si 70/30 Ga5  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga6  CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Si 70/30 Ga6  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga7  CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—50Si 70/30 Ga7  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga8  CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Si 70/30 Ga8  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga9  CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Cu 70/30 Ga9  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga10 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Cu 70/30 Ga10 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga11 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—50Cu 70/30 Ga11 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga12 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Cu 70/30 Ga12 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga13 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Zn 70/30 Ga13 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga14 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Zn 70/30 Ga14 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga15 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—50Zn 70/30 Ga15 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga16 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Zn 70/30 Ga16 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga17 CsZn₂AlF₈/Cu—10Zn 70/30 Ga17 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga18 CsZn₂AlF₈/Cu—50Zn 70/30 Ga18 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga19 CsZn₂AlF₈/Cu—90Zn 70/30 Ga19 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga20 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—1Cu 70/30 Ga20 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga21 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Si—10Cu 70/30 Ga21 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga22 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—25Si—25Cu 70/30 Ga22 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga23 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—45Si—45Cu 70/30 Ga23 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga24 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Si—1Cu 70/30 Ga24 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga25 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—90Cu 70/30 Ga25 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga26 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—1Zn 70/30 Ga26 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga27 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Si—10Zn 70/30 Ga27 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga28 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—25Si—25Zn 70/30 Ga28 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga29 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—45Si—45Zn 70/30 Ga29 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga30 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Si—1Zn 70/30 Ga30 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga31 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—90Zn 70/30 Ga31 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga32 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Cu—1Zn 70/30 Ga32 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga33 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Cu—10Zn 70/30 Ga33 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga34 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—25Cu—25Zn 70/30 Ga34 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga35 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—45Cu—45Zn 70/30 Ga35 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga36 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Cu—1Zn 70/30 Ga36 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga37 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Cu—90Zn 70/30 Ga37 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga38 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—1Cu—1Zn 70/30 Ga38 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga39 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—5Si—5Cu—5Zn 70/30 Ga39 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga40 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Si—10Cu—10Zn 70/30 Ga40 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga41 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—30Si—30Cu—30Cu 70/30 Ga41 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga42 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Si—1Cu—1Zn 70/30 Ga42 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga43 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—90Cu—1Zn 70/30 Ga43 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ga44 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—1Cu—90Zn 70/30 Ga44 100 Large Not discolored Absent

TABLE 4-8 External Mixing Joining appearance Residue on Spec- ratio ratio Size of surface of surface of imen Flux composition (%) Specimen (%) of fillet aluminum aluminum Ex- Ha1  CsZnAl₂F₉/Al 70/30 Ex- Ha1  100 Large Not discolored Absent ample Ha2  CsZnAl₂F₉/Si 70/30 ample Ha2  100 Large Not discolored Absent 4 Ha3  CsZnAl₂F₉/Cu 70/30 4 Ha3  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha4  CsZnAl₂F₉/Zn 70/30 Ha4  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha5  CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si 70/30 Ha5  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha6  CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Si 70/30 Ha6  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha7  CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—50Si 70/30 Ha7  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha8  CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Si 70/30 Ha8  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha9  CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Cu 70/30 Ha9  100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha10 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Cu 70/30 Ha10 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha11 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—50Cu 70/30 Ha11 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha12 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Cu 70/30 Ha12 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha13 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Zn 70/30 Ha13 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha14 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Zn 70/30 Ha14 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha15 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—50Zn 70/30 Ha15 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha16 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Zn 70/30 Ha16 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha17 CsZnAl₂F₉/Cu—10Zn 70/30 Ha17 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha18 CsZnAl₂F₉/Cu—50Zn 70/30 Ha18 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha19 CsZnAl₂F₉/Cu—90Zn 70/30 Ha19 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha20 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—1Cu 70/30 Ha20 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha21 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Si—10Cu 70/30 Ha21 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha22 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—25Si—25Cu 70/30 Ha22 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha23 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—45Si—45Cu 70/30 Ha23 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha24 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Si—1Cu 70/30 Ha24 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha25 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—90Cu 70/30 Ha25 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha26 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—1Zn 70/30 Ha26 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha27 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Si—10Zn 70/30 Ha27 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha28 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—25Si—25Zn 70/30 Ha28 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha29 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—45Si—45Zn 70/30 Ha29 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha30 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Si—1Zn 70/30 Ha30 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha31 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—90Zn 70/30 Ha31 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha32 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Cu—1Zn 70/30 Ha32 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha33 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Cu—10Zn 70/30 Ha33 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha34 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—25Cu—25Zn 70/30 Ha34 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha35 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—45Cu—45Zn 70/30 Ha35 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha36 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Cu—1Zn 70/30 Ha36 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha37 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Cu—90Zn 70/30 Ha37 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha38 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—1Cu—1Zn 70/30 Ha38 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha39 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—5Si—5Cu—5Zn 70/30 Ha39 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha40 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Si—10Cu—10Zn 70/30 Ha40 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha41 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—30Si—30Cu—30Cu 70/30 Ha41 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha42 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Si—1Cu—1Zn 70/30 Ha42 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha43 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—90Cu—1Zn 70/30 Ha43 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ha44 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—1Cu—90Zn 70/30 Ha44 100 Large Not discolored Absent

TABLE 4-9 External Mixing Joining appearance Residue on Spec- ratio ratio Size of surface of surface of imen Flux composition (%) Specimen (%) of fillet aluminum aluminum Com- Aa45 KZnAlF₆/Al 30/70 Com- Aa45 30 Small Not discolored Present parative Aa46 KZnAlF₆/Si 30/70 parative Aa46 90 Large Not discolored Present Ex- Aa47 KZnAlF₆/Cu 30/70 Ex- Aa47 60 Small Not discolored Present ample Aa48 KZnAlF₆/Zn 30/70 ample Aa48 50 Small Not discolored Present 4 Aa49 KZnAlF₆/Al—1Si 30/70 4 Aa49 35 Small Not discolored Present Aa50 KZnAlF₆/Al—10Si 30/70 Aa50 40 Small Not discolored Present Aa51 KZnAlF₆/Al—50Si 30/70 Aa51 70 Medium Not discolored Present Aa52 KZnAlF₆/Al—90Si 30/70 Aa52 80 Large Not discolored Present Aa53 KZnAlF₆/Al—1Cu 30/70 Aa53 30 Small Not discolored Present Aa54 KZnAlF₆/Al—10Cu 30/70 Aa54 35 Small Not discolored Present Aa55 KZnAlF₆/Al—50Cu 30/70 Aa55 50 Small Not discolored Present Aa56 KZnAlF₆/Al—90Cu 30/70 Aa56 60 Small Not discolored Present Aa57 KZnAlF₆/Al—1Zn 30/70 Aa57 30 Small Not discolored Present Aa58 KZnAlF₆/Al—10Zn 30/70 Aa58 35 Small Not discolored Present Aa59 KZnAlF₆/Al—50Zn 30/70 Aa59 40 Small Not discolored Present Aa60 KZnAlF₆/Al—90Zn 30/70 Aa60 50 Small Not discolored Present Aa61 KZnAlF₆/Cu—10Zn 30/70 Aa61 60 Small Not discolored Present Aa62 KZnAlF₆/Cu—50Zn 30/70 Aa62 55 Small Not discolored Present Aa63 KZnAlF₆/Cu—90Zn 30/70 Aa63 50 Small Not discolored Present Aa64 KZnAlF₆/Al—1Si—1Cu 30/70 Aa64 30 Small Not discolored Present Aa65 KZnAlF₆/Al—10Si—10Cu 30/70 Aa65 40 Small Not discolored Present Aa66 KZnAlF₆/Al—25Si—25Cu 30/70 Aa66 50 Medium Not discolored Present Aa67 KZnAlF₆/Al—45Si—45Cu 30/70 Aa67 60 Medium Not discolored Present Aa68 KZnAlF₆/Al—90Si—lCu 30/70 Aa68 80 Large Not discolored Present Aa69 KZnAlF₆/Al—1Si—90Cu 30/70 Aa69 60 Small Not discolored Present Aa70 KZnAlF₆/Al—1Si—1Zn 30/70 Aa70 35 Small Not discolored Present Aa71 KZnAlF₆/Al—10Si—10Zn 30/70 Aa71 40 Small Not discolored Present Aa72 KZnAlF₆/Al—25Si—25Zn 30/70 Aa72 45 Medium Not discolored Present Aa73 KZnAlF₆/Al—45Si—45Zn 30/70 Aa73 55 Medium Not discolored Present Aa74 KZnAlF₆/Al—90Si—1Zn 30/70 Aa74 80 Large Not discolored Present Aa75 KZnAlF₆/Al—1Si—90Zn 30/70 Aa75 60 Small Not discolored Present Aa76 KZnAlF₆/Al—1Cu—1Zn 30/70 Aa76 30 Small Not discolored Present Aa77 KZnAlF₆/Al—10Cu—10Zn 30/70 Aa77 35 Small Not discolored Present Aa78 KZnAlF₆/Al—25Cu—25Zn 30/70 Aa78 40 Small Not discolored Present Aa79 KZnAlF₆/Al—45Cu—45Zn 30/70 Aa79 50 Small Not discolored Present Aa80 KZnAlF₆/Al—90Cu—1Zn 30/70 Aa80 60 Small Not discolored Present Aa81 KZnAlF₆/Al—1Cu—90Zn 30/70 Aa81 50 Small Not discolored Present Aa82 KZnAlF₆/Al—1Si—1Cu—1Zn 30/70 Aa82 35 Small Not discolored Present Aa83 KZnAlF₆/Al—5Si—5Cu—5Zn 30/70 Aa83 40 Small Not discolored Present Aa84 KZnAlF₆/Al—10Si—10Cu—10Zn 30/70 Aa84 50 Small Not discolored Present Aa85 KZnAlF₆/Al—30Si—30Cu—30Cu 30/70 Aa85 55 Medium Not discolored Present Aa86 KZnAlF₆/Al—90Si—1Cu—1Zn 30/70 Aa86 80 Large Not discolored Present Aa87 KZnAlF₆/Al—1Si—90Cu—1Zn 30/70 Aa87 60 Small Not discolored Present Aa88 KZnAlF₆/Al—1Si—1Cu—90Zn 30/70 Aa88 50 Small Not discolored Present

TABLE 4-10 External Mixing Joining appearance Residue on Spec- ratio ratio Size of surface of surface of imen Flux composition (%) Specimen (%) of fillet aluminum aluminum Com- Ba45 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al 30/70 Com- Ba45 30 Small Not discolored Present parative Ba46 K₂ZnAlF₇/Si 30/70 parative Ba46 90 Large Not discolored Present Ex- Ba47 K₂ZnAlF₇/Cu 30/70 Ex- Ba47 60 Small Not discolored Present ample Ba48 K₂ZnAlF₇/Zn 30/70 ample Ba48 50 Small Not discolored Present 4 Ba49 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Si 30/70 4 Ba49 35 Small Not discolored Present Ba50 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—10Si 30/70 Ba50 40 Small Not discolored Present Ba51 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—50Si 30/70 Ba51 70 Medium Not discolored Present Ba52 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—90Si 30/70 Ba52 80 Small Not discolored Present Ba53 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Cu 30/70 Ba53 30 Small Not discolored Present Ba54 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—10Cu 30/70 Ba54 35 Small Not discolored Present Ba55 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—50Cu 30/70 Ba55 50 Large Not discolored Present Ba56 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—90Cu 30/70 Ba56 60 Small Not discolored Present Ba57 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Zn 30/70 Ba57 30 Small Not discolored Present Ba58 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—10Zn 30/70 Ba58 35 Small Not discolored Present Ba59 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—50Zn 30/70 Ba59 40 Small Not discolored Present Ba60 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—90Zn 30/70 Ba60 50 Small Not discolored Present Ba61 K₂ZnAlF₇/Cu—10Zn 30/70 Ba61 60 Small Not discolored Present Ba62 K₂ZnAlF₇/Cu—50Zn 30/70 Ba62 55 Small Not discolored Present Ba63 K₂ZnAlF₇/Cu—90Zn 30/70 Ba63 50 Small Not discolored Present Ba64 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Si—1Cu 30/70 Ba64 30 Small Not discolored Present Ba65 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—10Si—10Cu 30/70 Ba65 40 Small Not discolored Present Ba66 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—25Si—25Cu 30/70 Ba66 50 Medium Not discolored Present Ba67 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—45Si—45Cu 30/70 Ba67 60 Medium Not discolored Present Ba68 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—90Si—1Cu 30/70 Ba68 80 Large Not discolored Present Ba69 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Si—90Cu 30/70 Ba69 60 Small Not discolored Present Ba70 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Si—1Zn 30/70 Ba70 35 Small Not discolored Present Ba71 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—10Si—10Zn 30/70 Ba71 40 Small Not discolored Present Ba72 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—25Si—25Zn 30/70 Ba72 45 Medium Not discolored Present Ba73 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—45Si—45Zn 30/70 Ba73 55 Medium Not discolored Present Ba74 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—90Si—1Zn 30/70 Ba74 80 Large Not discolored Present Ba75 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Si—90Zn 30/70 Ba75 60 Small Not discolored Present Ba76 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Cu—1Zn 30/70 Ba76 30 Small Not discolored Present Ba77 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—10Cu—10Zn 30/70 Ba77 35 Small Not discolored Present Ba78 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—25Cu—25Zn 30/70 Ba78 40 Small Not discolored Present Ba79 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—45Cu—45Zn 30/70 Ba79 50 Small Not discolored Present Ba80 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—90Cu—1Zn 30/70 Ba80 60 Small Not discolored Present Ba81 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Cu—90Zn 30/70 Ba81 50 Small Not discolored Present Ba82 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Si—1Cu—1Zn 30/70 Ba82 35 Small Not discolored Present Ba83 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—5Si—5Cu—5Zn 30/70 Ba83 40 Small Not discolored Present Ba84 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—10Si—10Cu—10Zn 30/70 Ba84 50 Small Not discolored Present Ba85 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—30Si—30Cu—30Cu 30/70 Ba85 55 Medium Not discolored Present Ba86 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—90Si—1Cu—1Zn 30/70 Ba86 80 Large Not discolored Present Ba87 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Si—90Cu—1Zn 30/70 Ba87 60 Small Not discolored Present Ba88 K₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Si—1Cu—90Zn 30/70 Ba88 50 Small Not discolored Present

TABLE 4-11 External Mixing Joining appearance Residue on Spec- ratio ratio Size of surface of surface of imen Flux composition (%) Specimen (%) of fillet aluminum aluminum Com- Ca45 KZn₂AlF₈/Al 30/70 Com- Ca45 30 Small Not discolored Present parative Ca46 KZn₂AlF₈/Si 30/70 parative Ca46 90 Large Not discolored Present Ex- Ca47 KZn₂AlF₈/Cu 30/70 Ex- Ca47 60 Small Not discolored Present ample Ca48 KZn₂AlF₈/Zn 30/70 ample Ca48 50 Small Not discolored Present 4 Ca49 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si 30/70 4 Ca49 35 Small Not discolored Present Ca50 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Si 30/70 Ca50 40 Small Not discolored Present Ca51 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—50Si 30/70 Ca51 70 Medium Not discolored Present Ca52 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Si 30/70 Ca52 80 Large Not discolored Present Ca53 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Cu 30/70 Ca53 30 Small Not discolored Present Ca54 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Cu 30/70 Ca54 35 Small Not discolored Present Ca55 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—50Cu 30/70 Ca55 50 Medium Not discolored Present Ca56 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Cu 30/70 Ca56 60 Small Not discolored Present Ca57 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Zn 30/70 Ca57 30 Small Not discolored Present Ca58 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Zn 30/70 Ca58 35 Small Not discolored Present Ca59 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—50Zn 30/70 Ca59 40 Small Not discolored Present Ca60 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Zn 30/70 Ca60 50 Small Not discolored Present Ca61 KZn₂AlF₈/Cu—10Zn 30/70 Ca61 60 Small Not discolored Present Ca62 KZn₂AlF₈/Cu—50Zn 30/70 Ca62 55 Small Not discolored Present Ca63 KZn₂AlF₈/Cu—90Zn 30/70 Ca63 50 Small Not discolored Present Ca64 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—1Cu 30/70 Ca64 30 Small Not discolored Present Ca65 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Si—10Cu 30/70 Ca65 40 Small Not discolored Present Ca66 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—25Si—25Cu 30/70 Ca66 50 Medium Not discolored Present Ca67 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—45Si—45Cu 30/70 Ca67 60 Medium Not discolored Present Ca68 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Si—1Cu 30/70 Ca68 80 Large Not discolored Present Ca69 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—90Cu 30/70 Ca69 60 Small Not discolored Present Ca70 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—1Zn 30/70 Ca70 35 Small Not discolored Present Ca71 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Si—10Zn 30/70 Ca71 40 Small Not discolored Present Ca72 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—25Si—25Zn 30/70 Ca72 45 Medium Not discolored Present Ca73 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—45Si—45Zn 30/70 Ca73 55 Medium Not discolored Present Ca74 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Si—1Zn 30/70 Ca74 80 Large Not discolored Present Ca75 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—90Zn 30/70 Ca75 60 Small Not discolored Present Ca76 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Cu—1Zn 30/70 Ca76 30 Small Not discolored Present Ca77 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Cu—10Zn 30/70 Ca77 35 Small Not discolored Present Ca78 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—25Cu—25Zn 30/70 Ca78 40 Small Not discolored Present Ca79 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—45Cu—45Zn 30/70 Ca79 50 Small Not discolored Present Ca80 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Cu—1Zn 30/70 Ca80 60 Small Not discolored Present Ca81 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Cu—90Zn 30/70 Ca81 50 Small Not discolored Present Ca82 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—1Cu—1Zn 30/70 Ca82 35 Small Not discolored Present Ca83 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—5Si—5Cu—5Zn 30/70 Ca83 40 Small Not discolored Present Ca84 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Si—10Cu—10Zn 30/70 Ca84 50 Small Not discolored Present Ca85 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—30Si—30Cu—30Cu 30/70 Ca85 55 Medium Not discolored Present Ca86 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Si—1Cu—1Zn 30/70 Ca86 80 Large Not discolored Present Ca87 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—90Cu—1Zn 30/70 Ca87 60 Small Not discolored Present Ca88 KZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—1Cu—90Zn 30/70 Ca88 50 Small Not discolored Present

TABLE 4-12 External Mixing Joining appearance Residue on Spec- ratio ratio Size of surface of surface of imen Flux composition (%) Specimen (%) of fillet aluminum aluminum Com- Da45 KZnAl₂F₉/Al 30/70 Com- Da45 30 Small Not discolored Present parative Da46 KZnAl₂F₉/Si 30/70 parative Da46 90 Large Not discolored Present Ex- Da47 KZnAl₂F₉/Cu 30/70 Ex- Da47 60 Small Not discolored Present ample Da48 KZnAl₂F₉/Zn 30/70 ample Da48 50 Small Not discolored Present 4 Da49 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si 30/70 4 Da49 35 Large Not discolored Present Da50 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Si 30/70 Da50 40 Small Not discolored Present Da51 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—50Si 30/70 Da51 70 Small Not discolored Present Da52 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Si 30/70 Da52 80 Small Not discolored Present Da53 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Cu 30/70 Da53 30 Small Not discolored Present Da54 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Cu 30/70 Da54 35 Medium Not discolored Present Da55 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—50Cu 30/70 Da55 50 Large Not discolored Present Da56 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Cu 30/70 Da56 60 Small Not discolored Present Da57 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Zn 30/70 Da57 30 Small Not discolored Present Da58 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Zn 30/70 Da58 35 Small Not discolored Present Da59 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—50Zn 30/70 Da59 40 Small Not discolored Present Da60 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Zn 30/70 Da60 50 Small Not discolored Present Da61 KZnAl₂F₉/Cu—10Zn 30/70 Da61 60 Small Not discolored Present Da62 KZnAl₂F₉/Cu—50Zn 30/70 Da62 55 Small Not discolored Present Da63 KZnAl₂F₉/Cu—90Zn 30/70 Da63 50 Small Not discolored Present Da64 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—1Cu 30/70 Da64 30 Small Not discolored Present Da65 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Si—10Cu 30/70 Da65 40 Small Not discolored Present Da66 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—25Si—25Cu 30/70 Da66 50 Medium Not discolored Present Da67 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—45Si—45Cu 30/70 Da67 60 Medium Not discolored Present Da68 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Si—lCu 30/70 Da68 80 Large Not discolored Present Da69 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—90Cu 30/70 Da69 60 Small Not discolored Present Da70 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—1Zn 30/70 Da70 35 Small Not discolored Present Da71 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Si—10Zn 30/70 Da71 40 Small Not discolored Present Da72 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—25Si—25Zn 30/70 Da72 45 Medium Not discolored Present Da73 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—45Si—45Zn 30/70 Da73 55 Medium Not discolored Present Da74 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Si—1Zn 30/70 Da74 80 Large Not discolored Present Da75 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—90Zn 30/70 Da75 60 Small Not discolored Present Da76 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Cu—1Zn 30/70 Da76 30 Small Not discolored Present Da77 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Cu—10Zn 30/70 Da77 35 Small Not discolored Present Da78 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—25Cu—25Zn 30/70 Da78 40 Small Not discolored Present Da79 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—45Cu—45Zn 30/70 Da79 50 Small Not discolored Present Da80 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Cu—1Zn 30/70 Da80 60 Small Not discolored Present Da81 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Cu—90Zn 30/70 Da81 50 Small Not discolored Present Da82 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—1Cu—1Zn 30/70 Da82 35 Small Not discolored Present Da83 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—5Si—5Cu—5Zn 30/70 Da83 40 Small Not discolored Present Da84 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Si—10Cu—10Zn 30/70 Da84 50 Small Not discolored Present Da85 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—30Si—30Cu—30Cu 30/70 Da85 55 Medium Not discolored Present Da86 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Si—1Cu—1Zn 30/70 Da86 80 Large Not discolored Present Da87 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—90Cu—1Zn 30/70 Da87 60 Small Not discolored Present Da88 KZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—1Cu—90Zn 30/70 Da88 50 Small Not discolored Present

TABLE 4-13 External Mixing Joining appearance Residue on Spec- ratio ratio Size of surface of surface of imen Flux composition (%) Specimen (%) of fillet aluminum aluminum Com- Ea45 CsZnAlF₆/Al 30/70 Com- Ea45 30 Small Not discolored Present parative Ea46 CsZnAlF₆/Si 30/70 parative Ea46 90 Large Not discolored Present Ex- Ea47 CsZnAlF₆/Cu 30/70 Ex- Ea47 60 Small Not discolored Present ample Ea48 CsZnAlF₆/Zn 30/70 ample Ea48 50 Small Not discolored Present 4 Ea49 CsZnAlF₆/Al—1Si 30/70 4 Ea49 35 Small Not discolored Present Ea50 CsZnAlF₆/Al—10Si 30/70 Ea50 40 Small Not discolored Present Ea51 CsZnAlF₆/Al—50Si 30/70 Ea51 70 Small Not discolored Present Ea52 CsZnAlF₆/Al—90Si 30/70 Ea52 80 Small Not discolored Present Ea53 CsZnAlF₆/Al—1Cu 30/70 Ea53 30 Small Not discolored Present Ea54 CsZnAlF₆/Al—10Cu 30/70 Ea54 35 Medium Not discolored Present Ea55 CsZnAlF₆/Al—50Cu 30/70 Ea55 50 Large Not discolored Present Ea56 CsZnAlF₆/Al—90Cu 30/70 Ea56 60 Small Not discolored Present Ea57 CsZnAlF₆/Al—1Zn 30/70 Ea57 30 Small Not discolored Present Ea58 CsZnAlF₆/Al—10Zn 30/70 Ea58 35 Small Not discolored Present Ea59 CsZnAlF₆/Al—50Zn 30/70 Ea59 40 Small Not discolored Present Ea60 CsZnAlF₆/Al—90Zn 30/70 Ea60 50 Small Not discolored Present Ea61 CsZnAlF₆/Cu—10Zn 30/70 Ea61 60 Small Not discolored Present Ea62 CsZnAlF₆/Cu—50Zn 30/70 Ea62 55 Small Not discolored Present Ea63 CsZnAlF₆/Cu—90Zn 30/70 Ea63 50 Small Not discolored Present Ea64 CsZnAlF₆/Al—1Si—1Cu 30/70 Ea64 30 Small Not discolored Present Ea65 CsZnAlF₆/Al—10Si—10Cu 30/70 Ea65 40 Small Not discolored Present Ea66 CsZnAlF₆/Al—25Si—25Cu 30/70 Ea66 50 Medium Not discolored Present Ea67 CsZnAlF₆/Al—45Si—45Cu 30/70 Ea67 60 Medium Not discolored Present Ea68 CsZnAlF₆/Al—90Si—1Cu 30/70 Ea68 80 Large Not discolored Present Ea69 CsZnAlF₆/Al—1Si—90Cu 30/70 Ea69 60 Small Not discolored Present Ea70 CsZnAlF₆/Al—1Si—1Zn 30/70 Ea70 35 Small Not discolored Present Ea71 CsZnAlF₆/Al—10Si—10Zn 30/70 Ea71 40 Small Not discolored Present Ea72 CsZnAlF₆/Al—25Si—25Zn 30/70 Ea72 45 Medium Not discolored Present Ea73 CsZnAlF₆/Al—45Si—45Zn 30/70 Ea73 55 Medium Not discolored Present Ea74 CsZnAlF₆/Al—90Si—1Zn 30/70 Ea74 80 Large Not discolored Present Ea75 CsZnAlF₆/Al—1Si—90Zn 30/70 Ea75 60 Small Not discolored Present Ea76 CsZnAlF₆/Al—1Cu—1Zn 30/70 Ea76 30 Small Not discolored Present Ea77 CsZnAlF₆/Al—10Cu—10Zn 30/70 Ea77 35 Small Not discolored Present Ea78 CsZnAlF₆/Al—25Cu—25Zn 30/70 Ea78 40 Small Not discolored Present Ea79 CsZnAlF₆/Al—45Cu—45Zn 30/70 Ea79 50 Small Not discolored Present Ea80 CsZnAlF₆/Al—90Cu—1Zn 30/70 Ea80 60 Small Not discolored Present Ea81 CsZnAlF₆/Al—1Cu—90Zn 30/70 Ea81 50 Small Not discolored Present Ea82 CsZnAlF₆/Al—1Si—1Cu—1Zn 30/70 Ea82 35 Small Not discolored Present Ea83 CsZnAlF₆/Al—5Si—5Cu—5Zn 30/70 Ea83 40 Small Not discolored Present Ea84 CsZnAlF₆/Al—10Si—10Cu—10Zn 30/70 Ea84 50 Small Not discolored Present Ea85 CsZnAlF₆/Al—30Si—30Cu—30Cu 30/70 Ea85 55 Medium Not discolored Present Ea86 CsZnAlF₆/Al—90Si—1Cu—1Zn 30/70 Ea86 80 Large Not discolored Present Ea87 CsZnAlF₆/Al—1Si—90Cu—1Zn 30/70 Ea87 60 Small Not discolored Present Ea88 CsZnAlF₆/Al—1Si—1Cu—90Zn 30/70 Ea88 50 Small Not discolored Present

TABLE 4-14 External Mixing Joining appearance Residue on Spec- ratio ratio Size of surface of surface of imen Flux composition (%) Specimen (%) of fillet aluminum aluminum Com- Fa45 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al 30/70 Com- Fa45 30 Small Not discolored Present parative Fa46 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Si 30/70 parative Fa46 90 Large Not discolored Present Ex- Fa47 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Cu 30/70 Ex- Fa47 60 Small Not discolored Present ample Fa48 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Zn 30/70 ample Fa48 50 Small Not discolored Present 4 Fa49 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Si 30/70 4 Fa49 35 Small Not discolored Present Fa50 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—10Si 30/70 Fa50 40 Small Not discolored Present Fa51 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—50Si 30/70 Fa51 70 Small Not discolored Present Fa52 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—90Si 30/70 Fa52 80 Small Not discolored Present Fa53 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Cu 30/70 Fa53 30 Small Not discolored Present Fa54 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—10Cu 30/70 Fa54 35 Medium Not discolored Present Fa55 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—50Cu 30/70 Fa55 50 Large Not discolored Present Fa56 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—90Cu 30/70 Fa56 60 Small Not discolored Present Fa57 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Zn 30/70 Fa57 30 Small Not discolored Present Fa58 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—10Zn 30/70 Fa58 35 Small Not discolored Present Fa59 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—50Zn 30/70 Fa59 40 Small Not discolored Present Fa60 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—90Zn 30/70 Fa60 50 Small Not discolored Present Fa61 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Cu—10Zn 30/70 Fa61 60 Small Not discolored Present Fa62 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Cu—50Zn 30/70 Fa62 55 Small Not discolored Present Fa63 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Cu—90Zn 30/70 Fa63 50 Small Not discolored Present Fa64 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Si—1Cu 30/70 Fa64 30 Small Not discolored Present Fa65 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—10Si—10Cu 30/70 Fa65 40 Small Not discolored Present Fa66 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—25Si—25Cu 30/70 Fa66 50 Medium Not discolored Present Fa67 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—45Si—45Cu 30/70 Fa67 60 Medium Not discolored Present Fa68 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—90Si—1Cu 30/70 Fa68 80 Large Not discolored Present Fa69 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Si—90Cu 30/70 Fa69 60 Small Not discolored Present Fa70 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Si—1Zn 30/70 Fa70 35 Small Not discolored Present Fa71 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—10Si—10Zn 30/70 Fa71 40 Small Not discolored Present Fa72 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—25Si—25Zn 30/70 Fa72 45 Medium Not discolored Present Fa73 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—45Si—45Zn 30/70 Fa73 55 Medium Not discolored Present Fa74 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—90Si—1Zn 30/70 Fa74 80 Large Not discolored Present Fa75 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Si—90Zn 30/70 Fa75 60 Small Not discolored Present Fa76 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Cu—1Zn 30/70 Fa76 30 Small Not discolored Present Fa77 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—10Cu—10Zn 30/70 Fa77 35 Small Not discolored Present Fa78 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—25Cu—25Zn 30/70 Fa78 40 Small Not discolored Present Fa79 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—45Cu—45Zn 30/70 Fa79 50 Small Not discolored Present Fa80 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—90Cu—1Zn 30/70 Fa80 60 Small Not discolored Present Fa81 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Cu—90Zn 30/70 Fa81 50 Small Not discolored Present Fa82 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Si—1 Cu—1Zn 30/70 Fa82 35 Small Not discolored Present Fa83 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—5Si—5Cu—5Zn 30/70 Fa83 40 Small Not discolored Present Fa84 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—10Si—10Cu—10Zn 30/70 Fa84 50 Small Not discolored Present Fa85 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—30Si—30Cu—30Cu 30/70 Fa85 55 Medium Not discolored Present Fa86 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—90Si—1Cu—1Zn 30/70 Fa86 80 Large Not discolored Present Fa87 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Si—90Cu—1Zn 30/70 Fa87 60 Small Not discolored Present Fa88 Cs₂ZnAlF₇/Al—1Si—1Cu—90Zn 30/70 Fa88 50 Small Not discolored Present

TABLE 4-15 External Mixing Joining appearance Residue on Spec- ratio ratio Size of surface of surface of imen Flux composition (%) Specimen (%) of fillet aluminum aluminum Com- Ga45 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al 30/70 Com- Ga45 30 Small Not discolored Present parative Ga46 CsZn₂AlF₈/Si 30/70 parative Ga46 90 Large Not discolored Present Ex- Ga47 CsZn₂AlF₈/Cu 30/70 Ex- Ga47 60 Small Not discolored Present ample Ga48 CsZn₂AlF₈/Zn 30/70 ample Ga48 50 Small Not discolored Present 4 Ga49 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si 30/70 4 Ga49 35 Small Not discolored Present Ga50 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Si 30/70 Ga50 40 Small Not discolored Present Ga51 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—50Si 30/70 Ga51 70 Small Not discolored Present Ga52 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Si 30/70 Ga52 80 Small Not discolored Present Ga53 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Cu 30/70 Ga53 30 Small Not discolored Present Ga54 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Cu 30/70 Ga54 35 Medium Not discolored Present Ga55 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—50Cu 30/70 Ga55 50 Large Not discolored Present Ga56 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Cu 30/70 Ga56 60 Small Not discolored Present Ga57 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Zn 30/70 Ga57 30 Small Not discolored Present Ga58 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Zn 30/70 Ga58 35 Small Not discolored Present Ga59 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—50Zn 30/70 Ga59 40 Small Not discolored Present Ga60 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Zn 30/70 Ga60 50 Small Not discolored Present Ga61 CsZn₂AlF₈/Cu—10Zn 30/70 Ga61 60 Small Not discolored Present Ga62 CsZn₂AlF₈/Cu—50Zn 30/70 Ga62 55 Small Not discolored Present Ga63 CsZn₂AlF₈/Cu—90Zn 30/70 Ga63 50 Small Not discolored Present Ga64 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—1Cu 30/70 Ga64 30 Small Not discolored Present Ga65 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Si—10Cu 30/70 Ga65 40 Small Not discolored Present Ga66 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—25Si—25Cu 30/70 Ga66 50 Medium Not discolored Present Ga67 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—45Si—45Cu 30/70 Ga67 60 Medium Not discolored Present Ga68 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Si—1Cu 30/70 Ga68 80 Large Not discolored Present Ga69 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—90Cu 30/70 Ga69 60 Small Not discolored Present Ga70 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—1Zn 30/70 Ga70 35 Small Not discolored Present Ga71 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Si—10Zn 30/70 Ga71 40 Small Not discolored Present Ga72 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—25Si—25Zn 30/70 Ga72 45 Medium Not discolored Present Ga73 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—45Si—45Zn 30/70 Ga73 55 Medium Not discolored Present Ga74 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Si—1Zn 30/70 Ga74 80 Large Not discolored Present Ga75 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—90Zn 30/70 Ga75 60 Small Not discolored Present Ga76 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Cu—1Zn 30/70 Ga76 30 Small Not discolored Present Ga77 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Cu—10Zn 30/70 Ga77 35 Small Not discolored Present Ga78 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—25Cu—25Zn 30/70 Ga78 40 Small Not discolored Present Ga79 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—45Cu—45Zn 30/70 Ga79 50 Small Not discolored Present Ga80 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Cu—1Zn 30/70 Ga80 60 Small Not discolored Present Ga81 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Cu—90Zn 30/70 Ga81 50 Small Not discolored Present Ga82 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—1Cu—1Zn 30/70 Ga82 35 Small Not discolored Present Ga83 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—5Si—5Cu—5Zn 30/70 Ga83 40 Small Not discolored Present Ga84 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—10Si—10Cu—10Zn 30/70 Ga84 50 Small Not discolored Present Ga85 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—30Si—30Cu—30Cu 30/70 Ga85 55 Medium Not discolored Present Ga86 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—90Si—1Cu—1Zn 30/70 Ga86 80 Large Not discolored Present Ga87 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—90Cu—1Zn 30/70 Ga87 60 Small Not discolored Present Ga88 CsZn₂AlF₈/Al—1Si—1Cu—90Zn 30/70 Ga88 50 Small Not discolored Present

TABLE 4-16 External Mixing Joining appearance Residue on Spec- ratio ratio Size of surface of surface of imen Flux composition (%) Specimen (%) of fillet aluminum aluminum Com- Ha45 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al 30/70 Com- Ha45 30 Small Not discolored Present parative Ha46 CsZnAl₂F₉/Si 30/70 parative Ha46 90 Large Not discolored Present Ex- Ha47 CsZnAl₂F₉/Cu 30/70 Ex- Ha47 60 Small Not discolored Present ample Ha48 CsZnAl₂F₉/Zn 30/70 ample Ha48 50 Small Not discolored Present 4 Ha49 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si 30/70 4 Ha49 35 Small Not discolored Present Ha50 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Si 30/70 Ha50 40 Small Not discolored Present Ha51 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—50Si 30/70 Ha51 70 Small Not discolored Present Ha52 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Si 30/70 Ha52 80 Small Not discolored Present Ha53 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Cu 30/70 Ha53 30 Small Not discolored Present Ha54 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Cu 30/70 Ha54 35 Medium Not discolored Present Ha55 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—50Cu 30/70 Ha55 50 Large Not discolored Present Ha56 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Cu 30/70 Ha56 60 Small Not discolored Present Ha57 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Zn 30/70 Ha57 30 Small Not discolored Present Ha58 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Zn 30/70 Ha58 35 Small Not discolored Present Ha59 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—50Zn 30/70 Ha59 40 Small Not discolored Present Ha60 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Zn 30/70 Ha60 50 Small Not discolored Present Ha61 CsZnAl₂F₉/Cu—10Zn 30/70 Ha61 60 Small Not discolored Present Ha62 CsZnAl₂F₉/Cu—50Zn 30/70 Ha62 55 Small Not discolored Present Ha63 CsZnAl₂F₉/Cu—90Zn 30/70 Ha63 50 Small Not discolored Present Ha64 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—1Cu 30/70 Ha64 30 Small Not discolored Present Ha65 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Si—10Cu 30/70 Ha65 40 Small Not discolored Present Ha66 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—25Si—25Cu 30/70 Ha66 50 Medium Not discolored Present Ha67 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—45Si—45Cu 30/70 Ha67 60 Medium Not discolored Present Ha68 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Si—1Cu 30/70 Ha68 80 Large Not discolored Present Ha69 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—90Cu 30/70 Ha69 60 Small Not discolored Present Ha70 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—1Zn 30/70 Ha70 35 Small Not discolored Present Ha71 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Si—10Zn 30/70 Ha71 40 Small Not discolored Present Ha72 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—25Si—25Zn 30/70 Ha72 45 Medium Not discolored Present Ha73 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—45Si—45Zn 30/70 Ha73 55 Medium Not discolored Present Ha74 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Si—1Zn 30/70 Ha74 80 Large Not discolored Present Ha75 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—90Zn 30/70 Ha75 60 Small Not discolored Present Ha76 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Cu—1Zn 30/70 Ha76 30 Small Not discolored Present Ha77 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Cu—10Zn 30/70 Ha77 35 Small Not discolored Present Ha78 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—25Cu—25Zn 30/70 Ha78 40 Small Not discolored Present Ha79 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—45Cu—45Zn 30/70 Ha79 50 Small Not discolored Present Ha80 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Cu—1Zn 30/70 Ha80 60 Small Not discolored Present Ha81 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Cu—90Zn 30/70 Ha81 50 Small Not discolored Present Ha82 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—1Cu—1Zn 30/70 Ha82 35 Small Not discolored Present Ha83 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—5Si—5Cu—5Zn 30/70 Ha83 40 Small Not discolored Present Ha84 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—10Si—10Cu—10Zn 30/70 Ha84 50 Small Not discolored Present Ha85 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—30Si—30Cu—30Cu 30/70 Ha85 55 Medium Not discolored Present Ha86 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—90Si—1Cu—1Zn 30/70 Ha86 80 Large Not discolored Present Ha87 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—90Cu—1Zn 30/70 Ha87 60 Small Not discolored Present Ha88 CsZnAl₂F₉/Al—1Si—1Cu—90Zn 30/70 Ha88 50 Small Not discolored Present

As shown in Tables 4-1 to 4-8, good results (brazability) were obtained in Example 5 even when the metal powder was mixed. On the other hand, when the ratio of the metal powder was high (Ae45 to Ae88, Be45 to Be88, Ce45 to Ce88, De45 to De88, Ee45 to Ee88, Fe45 to Fe88, Ge45 to Ge88, and He45 to He88 of Comparative Example 4), an unmelted residue was observed, and the joining ratio decreased due to the unmelted residue.

Example 5 and Comparative Example 5

Flux Composition

Flux powders (average particle size: 10 μm) (flux content: 100 mass %) having the composition shown in Table 5 were provided as a flux composition.

Brazing Test

The brazing test was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, except that the average dew point inside the furnace was changed as shown in Table 5.

Evaluation of Brazability

The brazability was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5 External Average Joining Size appearance Residue on Spec- Flux dew point Spec- ratio of of surface of surface of imen composition (° C.) imen (%) fillet aluminum aluminum Example 5 Af1 KZnAlF6 −40 Example 5 Af1 100 Large Not discolored Absent Af2 KZnAlF6 −20 Af2 100 Large Not discolored Absent Bf1 K2ZnAlF7 −40 Bf1 100 Large Not discolored Absent Bf2 K2ZnAlF7 −20 Bf2 100 Large Not discolored Absent Cf1 K2n2AlF −40 Cf1 100 Large Not discolored Absent Cf2 K2n2AlF −20 Cf2 100 Large Not discolored Absent Df1 KZnAl2F9 −40 Df1 100 Large Not discolored Absent Df2 KZnAl2F9 −20 Df2 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ef1 CsZnAlF6 −40 Ef1 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ef2 CsZnAlF6 −20 Ef2 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ff1 Cs2ZnAIF7 −40 Ff1 100 Large Not discolored Absent Ff2 Cs2ZnAlF7 −20 Ff2 100 Large Not discolored Absent Gf1 CsZn2AlFs, −40 Gf1 100 Large Not discolored Absent Gf2 CsZn2AlFs, −20 Gf2 100 Large Not discolored Absent Hf1 CsZnAI2F9 −40 Hf1 100 Large Not discolored Absent Hf2 CsZnAl2F9 −20 Hf2 100 Large Not discolored Absent Comparative If1 KZnF3 −20 Comparative If1 0 Absent White Present Example 5 Example 5 (white)

As shown in Table 5, good results were obtained in Example 5 even when the average dew point during brazing was high. In Comparative Example 5 (If1), most of KZnF₃ remained unreacted as a white residue, and a fillet was not formed since the average dew point of the atmosphere during brazing was high. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A flux composition comprising: a component (A) that is a powder of an alkali metal zinc fluoroaluminate represented by a general formula (1), the content of the component (A) in the flux composition being 50 mass % or more, M_(w)Zn_(x)Al_(y)F_(z)  (1) wherein M is K or Cs, and w, x, y, and z are a positive integer, the greatest common divisor of w, x, y, and z being 1, and a component (B) that is at least one powder selected from the group consisting of a powder of an alkali metal fluoroaluminate and a powder of an alkali metal fluorozincate.
 2. A flux composition comprising: a component (A) that is a powder of an alkali metal zinc fluoroaluminate represented by a general formula (1), the content of the component (A) in the flux composition being 50 mass % or more, M_(w)Zn_(x)Al_(y)F_(z)  (1) wherein M is K or Cs, and w, x, y, and z are a positive integer, the greatest common divisor of w, x, y, and z being 1, and a component (C) that is at least one metal powder selected from the group consisting of a powder of an aluminum alloy an Al powder, an Si powder, a Cu powder, and a Zn powder, the aluminum alloy comprising at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Si, Cu, and Zn.
 3. A flux composition comprising a component (A) that is a powder of an alkali metal zinc fluoroaluminate represented by the general formula (1), a component (B) that is one type of powder or two or more types of powders selected from a powder of an alkali metal fluoroaluminate and a powder of an alkali metal fluorozincate, and a component (C) that is at least one metal powder selected from the group consisting of a powder of an aluminum alloy, an Al powder, an Si powder, a Cu powder, and a Zn powder, the aluminum alloy comprising at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Si, Cu, and Zn.
 4. The flux composition according to claim 1, having an average particle size of 80 μm or less.
 5. A mixture comprising the flux composition according to claim 1, and an organic resin binder.
 6. A mixture comprising the flux composition according to claim 2, and an organic resin binder.
 7. A mixture comprising the flux composition according to claim 3, and an organic resin binder. 